Apples compounds

Solid-phase microextraction has been applied to the analysis of volatile substances in apples. Compounds were separated by time-compressed GC using time-of-flight MS for detection [17]. Time-compressed GC was proposed for reduction of the time required for separation without loss in analytical performance. In fact, unknown compounds, even when not well separated chromatographically, could be characterized by their mass spectra. Time-compressed GC combined... 

Note that some of the metals frequently encountered in simple organic compounds give characteristic flame colorations Na, yellow K, lilac through blue glass Ca, brick-red Ba, apple-green Cu, bright blue-green. Ag and Pb, no characteristic flame. 

Clarke,. 1. and Freakley, P.K., 1995. Modes of dispersive mixing and filler agglomerate size distributions in rubber compounds, Plast. Rubber Compos. Process. Appl. 24, 261-266. 

Phlonzm is obtained from the root bark of apple pear cherry and plum trees It has the molecular formula C21H24O10 and yields a compound A and D glucose on hydrolysis in the pres ence of emulsin When phlorizin is treated with excess methyl iodide in the presence of potassium carbonate and then subjected to acid catalyzed hydrolysis a compound B is obtained Deduce the structure of phlorizin from this information... 

Benzylamine Purine. The purine 6-benzylaminopurine [1214-39-7] (13) is an analogue of the natural product adenine, a component of both deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid. It is not employed alone, but rather in combination with the natural products GA and GA to improve the size, weight, and thereby, yield per hm of Red DeHcious apples (10,24,25). Compounds with cytokinin activity were reported in 1913 (26) and asymmetric growth in apples was pubHshed in 1968 (27). 

Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Naphthalene Acetamide. Naphthalene acetic acid [26445-01-2] (38) is historicaHy one of the first plant growth regulators. Reports concerning its activity in crops and plants have been a subject in much of the eady Hterature (57). Consequently, it has been used as a starting matedal for other compounds, eg, vide infra Sevin. Naphthaleneacetamide [31093-43-3] (39) has been used as a standard matedal to evaluate abscission pnor to 1953 and its effect on apple drop was reported in 1953 (58). The substance is used as an internal standard in the abscission bioassay (59). 

Sevin. 1-Naphthalenol methylcarbanate [63-25-2] (Sevin) (44) was developed as an insecticide. However, the conception of the molecule, in the mid-1950s, was as a possible herbicide. The compound ultimately was useless as a herbicide, but in routine testing it was discovered to be an excellent insecticide. Sevin was active in the oat mesocotyl assay and demonstrated weak auxin-like activity. During the development of Sevin, it caused massive apple drop in the western United States in an orchard being treated for insects. It is used (ca 1993) as an abscising agent to thin apples. 

Grape and apple juices usually contain all of the trace nutrients required by Saccharomjces for fermentation of sugars to alcohol. Other fmit and diluted honey, as well as barley malt and rice extract, frequendy need additions of nitrogen, phosphoms, and potassium compounds, together with some autolyzed yeast to faciUtate the yeast growth necessary for fermentation. Stimulation oiy4.cetobacter frequendy requires the addition of autolyzed... 

There are a number of other systems for eomparing the stability of eonjugated cyelie compounds with reference polyenes. For example, see L. J. Schaad and B. A. Hess, Jr., Pure Appl. Chem. 54 1097 (1982) J. Aihara, Pure Appl. Chem. 54 1115 (1982) K. Jug, J. Org. Chem. 48 1344 (1983) W. Griindler, Monatsh Chem. 114 155 (1983). 

K. O. Christe, IUPAC Additional Publication 24th Int. Congr. Pure Appl. Chem., Hamburg, 1973, Vol. 4. Compounds of Non-Metals, pp. 115-41, Butterworths, London, 1974. 

Vlalic acid, C.jHgO, has been isolated from apples. Because this compound reacts wnth 2 molar equivalents of base, it is a dicarboxylic acid. 

Another class of colored compounds is the anthocyanins. Flowers, blueberries, apples, and red cabbage get their color from anthocyanins, which are part of a group of compounds known as flavenoids. 

The Reactions of Highly Fluorinated Organic Compounds. IV. Some Polyfluorocyc/ohexanes and Certain Derived Compounds, A. K. Barbour, H. D. Mackenzie, M. Stacey, and J. C. Tatlow, J. Appl. Chem., 4 (1954) 347-351. 

The next major discovery in this field, which was the result of a joint research effort in 1968 between M and T Chemicals, Inc., and the Dow Chemical Company in the United States (475, 524), was that tricyclo-hexyltin hydroxide ("Plictran ) possesses a very high activity against certain types of mites, and this compound was subsequently introduced by Dow as an acaricide for use on apple, pear, and citrus-fruit trees. A second triorganotin acaricide, bis(trineophyltin) oxide ("Vendex or "Torque ), has recently been introduced by Shell Chemical Company (476). Two other tricyclohexyltin compounds are currently under de-... 

Satoh M, Motomura T, Matsuda T, Kondo K, Ando K, Matsuda K, Miyake S, Uehara H (2005) 4-Oxoquinohne compounds and utilization thereof as HIV integrase inhibitors, PCT Int, Appl, WO 2005113508... 

FIGURE 26.58 Abrasion of two natural rubber (NR) tread compounds, one unprotected, the other with two parts Nonox ZA on a knurled Aluminum and a knurled steel surface, respectively, in the presence of (a) magnesium oxide (MgO) powder and (b) a dust mix of Fuller s earth and alumina powder. (Deduced from Schallamach, A.,Appl. Pol. Sci., 12, 281, 1968.)... 

FIGURE 26.59 Time record of the abrasion loss on a standard Akron grinding wheel in nitrogen and air of a natural mbber (NR) tread compound (a) unprotected and (h) protected with an antioxidant. (From Schallamach, A., Appl. Pol. ScL, 12, 281, 1968.)... 

J.L. Leblanc, Elastomer—filler interactions and the rheology of filled mbber compounds, J. Appl. Polym. ScL, 78, 1541-1550, 2000. 

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