Experimental Apparatus and Procedure

Electrolyte of the desired composition was pre-melted in a platinum apparatus (about 55 g of electfolyte was prepared) and the sample was pulverized. The electtolyte (8 -11 g) was placed into each compartment of the cell. The cell was placed in a vertical resistor-heated furnace with a conttolled argon atmosphere. When the desired temperature was reached, it was kept constant 1 K. Electfolysis was carried out with (100-200) mA 

— If the activity coefficients are not required to any great accuracy ( 5 per cent uncertainty) then equation (3) will suffice, provided that adsorption 

For more accurate determinations of activity coefficients, it is necessary to take into account carrier gas and solute imperfections. Assuming no adsorption of the solute on the solvent or solid support and assuming the carrier gas is not appreciably soluble in the solvent, equation (9) is suitable  

The uncertainty in the activity coefficients determined in this way has been estimated to be less than 0.4 per cent. Application of equation (9) usually 

The heavy dotted lines refer to thermostatted regions 

Columns.— The accurate determination of the amount of solvent on the solid support in the column is of paramount importance, even if moderate accuracy is required. Experimental methods have been adequately described by Purnell. Whatever variation of the technique is used, it should be possible to determine the quantity of the stationary liquid phase (1 to 5 g) on the colunm to within 1 mg, thus reducing the error in this quantity to an insignificant level. 

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A turbulent jet diffusion flame was investigated. The apparatus and experimental procedure are described in detail in the article by Rambach et al. (11). The fuel jet had the following properties diameter of 1.6 mm, Reynolds number of 4400, and a fuel composition of 37% methane and 63% hydrogen. 

Heertjes and Kossen [99] present a full discussion of their techniques together with descriptions of the required apparatus and experimental procedure. They considered both the above methods unsuitable for the determination of cos( and proposed a new method, the h-s method. Briefly this consists of determining the height of a drop of liquid placed on top of a cake of the compressed powder previously saturated with the liquid. The theory was presented in an earlier paper [100],... 

The apparatus and experimental procedures are similar to those used for the tetrafluoride (synthesis 66), except for the use of the heavier-walled vessel H instead of the vessel F. In order to add the required amount of fluorine, it will be necessary either to use a larger vessel G or to repeat the measuring and condensing procedures. The xenon-to-fluorine mol ratios used are about 1 20 [0.689 g. (0.00525 mol) of xenon and 4.18 g. (0.110 mol) of fluorine]. The gas mixture is heated to 300° for 16 hours. The hexafluoride is purified by distillation, the less volatile fraction of lower fluorides being discarded. The purity may be checked by examination of the infrared spectrum, noting the presence of bands at 520 and 612 cm. and the absence of peaks for the difluoride and the tetrafluoride. The spectrum should also be studied in the 900- to 1000-cm. region, where oxyfluorides have fundamentals, for e.xample, XeOF4 at 928 cm. h... 

Detailed descriptions of state-of-the-art apparatus and experimental procedures can be found in the literature for D.C. [124] and A.C. [133] conductivity detection. 

Apparatus. The apparatus and experimental procedure have been described (9). A static system was used with catalyst samples (normally 0.1 gram of hydrated material) in the bottom of the reaction vessel (volume 1 X 10" m ). The reaction was followed by periodically sampling the gas phase above the catalyst and analyzing by GLC techniques. 

With a very simple apparatus and experimental procedure it is possible to elaborate a stable, reproducible standard specimen for kinetic studies. With this apparatus, the hydration ratio of incompletely hydrated plasters or plaster rocks can be determined with accuracy. Finally this apparatus demonstrates experi-... 

Apparatus and Experimental Procedures. A diagram illustrating the experimental setup is shown in Figure 1. Pulsed fields of 10-millisecond duration were used for polymers I and II, and a static field was used for... 

Wear-Testing Apparatus and Experimental Procedures. To study the effect of temperature on the wear behavior of specimen polymers, the pin-on-disk type wear testing apparatus used in our previous work (] J was employed and the frictional force and wear depth of the flat ended polymer pins 3 mm in diameter were measured at a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s under a load of 10 N and at various experimentally possible disk temperatures up to 300. The disk was made of stain-... 

Apparatus and Experimental Procedures There ate two main purposes of the apparatus and experimental procedures section ... 

The experimental results of studies on the degradation of filled polymers are often contradictory. This may be caused not only by differences in the methods of production of the filled polymers, but also by the apparatus and experimental procedures (measurements of temperature, pressure, changes in the mass of samples, analysis of low- and high-molecular-mass products of degradation, etc.). Consequently, the description of the apparatus and methods for studies of the degradation of polymers, especially of filled ones, employed in different laboratories is essential, since it may promote the elimination of contradictions and errors that have been observed in certain investigations. 

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