Apoptosis sulfur mustard-induced

Kan, R.K., Pleva, C.M., Hamilton, T.A., Anderson, D.R., Petrali, J.P. (2003). Sulfur mustard-induced apoptosis in hairless guinea pig skin. Toxicol. Pathol. 31 185-90. 

Dabrowska, M.I., Becks, L.L., Lelli, J.L., Jr., Levee, M.G., Hinsbaw, D.B. (1996). Sulfur mustard induces apoptosis and necrosis in endotbelial cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 141 568-83. 

Rosenthal DS, Simbulan-Rosenthal CM, Iyer S, Spoonde A, Smith W, Ray R, Smulson ME. 1998. Sulfur mustard induces markers of terminal differentiation and apoptosis in keratinoc3des via a Ca -cahnodulin and caspase-dependent pathway. J Invest Dermatol 111 64—71. 

Smith KJ, Graham JS, Hamilton TA et al. (1997). Immunohistochemical studies of basement membrane proteins and proliferation and apoptosis markers in sulfur mustard induced cutaneous lesions in weanling pigs. J Dermatol Sci, 15, 173-182. 

Rosenthal, D.S., Velena, A. et al. (2003). Expression of dominantnegative Fas-associated death domain blocks human kerati-noc 4e apoptosis and vesication induced by sulfur mustard. J. Biol. Chem. 278 8531 0. 

Calmodulin, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and p53 are targets for modulating the effects of sulfur mustard (Rosenthal et al, 2000). It was tested whether calmodulin mediates the mitoehondrial apoptotic pathway induced by SM in human keratinoeytes. Of the three human CaM genes, the predominant form expressed was CaMl. These results indicate that CaM, ealeineurin, and Bad also play a role in SM-induced apoptosis, and may therefore be targets for therapeutic intervention to reduce SM injury (Simbulan-Rosenthal et al, 2006). 

Levitt, J.M., Lodhi, I.J., Nguyen, P.K., Ngo, V., Clift, R., Hinshaw, D.B., and Sweeney, J.F. (2003). Low-dose sulfur mustards primes oxidative function and induces apoptosis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 3, 747-56. 

D. S. Rosenthal, A. Velena, F. P. Chou, R. Schlegel, R. Ray, B. Benton, D. Anderson, W. J. Smith and C. M. Simbulan-Rosenthal, Expression of dominant-negative Fas-associated death domain blocks human kera-tinocyte apoptosis and vesication induced by sulfur mustard, /. Biol Chem., 2003,278, 8531-8540. 

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