Apolipoprotein E ApoE Genotype

Fig. 10.7 Brain mapping activity (theta band) according to Global Deterioration Stage (GDS) staging (cognitive deterioration) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in Alzheimer s disease. (From refs. 19 and 20.)...

Interaction of Dietary Fat and Hepatic Lipase Gene Polymorphism on HDL-C.. 12 Interactions of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Genotype with Obesity and Alcohol... 14 Interaction of Polyunsaturated Fatty Adds (PUFA) and APOAl G-A... 

INTERACTIONS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E (APOE) GENOTYPE WITH OBESITY AND ALCOHOL... 

One of the most likely risk factors for AzD is the patient s genotype for apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which is believed normally to be involved in neuronal repair and growth, but is also found in plaques and tangles. Three distinct forms of ApoE, E2, E3 and E4 are encoded on chromosome 19 but it is the ApoE, E4 allele that occurs at a much higher frequency in late-onset AzD patients (50%) compared with controls (16%) and binds to and possibly increases the formation of )S-amyloid. Many early-onset cases... 

In addition to the frequency considerations attendant to the examination of polymorphisms or haplotypes, one must also consider the impact of possible differences in the magnitude of effects of any putative loci. The magnitude of any effects is denoted as "scale" effects based on the notion from quantitative genetics that there will be a displacement from the overall population mean for a trait that is dependent on genotype. To illustrate the effects of scale and frequency, consider two well-known examples of genetic effects. These are the effect of the apolipoprotein E (apo E) polymorphism on cholesterol levels and the impact of the familial hypercholesterolemia polymorphism on cholesterol levels. 

Farrer, L. A., Cupples, L. A., Haines, J. L. et al. Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease, a meta-analysis. APOE and Alzheimer Disease Meta Analysis Consortium. J.A.M.A. 278 1349-1356, 1997. 

Seet, W.T., Mary Anne, T.J., Yen, T.S. (2004) Apolipoprotein E genotyping in the Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic groups in Malaysa—a study on the distribution of the different apoE alleles and genotypes. Clin. Chim. Acta, 340, 201-205. 

Glockner, E., Ohn, T.G. (2003) Hippocampal apolipoprotein D level depends on Braak stage and APOE genotype. Neuroscience, 122, 103-110. 

Bohnet K, Pillot T, Visvikis S, Sabolovic N, Siest G 1. Apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype and apoE concentration determine binding of normal very low density lipoproteins to HepG2 cell surface receptors. J Lipid Res 1996 37 1316-1324. 

---