Aplysia califomica

Detailed studies on the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in the nervous system of the opisthobranch mollusc Aplysia califomica were carried out [21]. A. califomica provides a very useful model for neurobiological studies since its... 

Johnson PM, Kicklighter CE, Schmidt M, Kamio M, Yang HC, Elkin D, Michel WC, Tai PC, Derby CD (2006) Packaging of chemicals in the defensive secretory glands of the sea hare Aplysia califomica. J Exp Biol 209 78-88... 

Characterization of Amines from Individual Atrial Gland Vesicles of Aplysia califomica, Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 3517. 

Yamasaki S, Hu Y, Binz T, Kalkuhl A, Kurazono H et al. (1994) Synaptobrevin/vesicle-assodated membrane protein (VAMP) of aplysia califomica structure and proteolysis by tetanus toxin and botubnal neurotoxins type D and F. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 4688-92... 

Stallard, M. O. and Faulkner, D. J., Chemical constituents of the digestive gland of the sea hare Aplysia califomica. B. Chemical transformations, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 49B, 37, 1974. 

Nolen, T.G., Johnson, P.M., Kicklighter, C.E., and Capo, T., Ink secretion by the marine snail Aplysia califomica enhances its ability to escape from a natural predator, J. Comp. Physiol. A, 176, 239, 1995. 

Pennings, S.C., Multiple factors promoting narrow host range in the sea hare, Aplysia califomica, Oecologia, 82, 192, 1990. 

Coelho, L., Prince, J., and Nolen, T.G., Processing of defensive pigment in Aplysia califomica acquisition, modification and mobilization of the red algal pigment r-phycoerythrin by the digestive gland, J. Exp. Biol., 201, 425, 1998. 

Pawlik, J. R., Larvae of the sea hare Aplysia califomica settle and metamorphose on an assortment of macroalgal species, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 51, 195, 1989. 

Marois, R. and Carew, T. J., Fine structure of the apical ganglion and its serotonergic cells in the larva of Aplysia califomica, Biol. Bull., 192, 388, 1997. 

Mollusk models Lymnea stagnalis and Aplysia califomica... 

Neurons of the mollusc, Aplysia califomica Ca liquid membrane micropipet (ion-exchanger type with PVC added) Ca + 540nM 02... 

Giant neuron of Aplysia califomica Na closed-end all-glass microelectrode Na+ 40.3 mM El... 

Miao, H., Rubakhin, S. S., Scanlan, C. R., Wang, L. R, and Sweedler, J. V., D-aspartate as a putative cell-cell signaling molecule in th Aplysia califomica central nervous system, J. Neurochem., 97, 595, 2006. 

Lillard, S. J., Chiu, D.T., Scheller, R.H., Zare, R. N., Rodiiguez-Cruz, S. E., Williams, E. R., Orwar, O., Sandberg, M., and Lundqvist, J. A., Separation and characterization of amines from individual atrial gland vesicles of Aplysia califomica. Anal. Chem., 70, 3517-3524, 1998. 

Castellucci, V.F., Carew, T.J. and Kandel, E.R. 1978. Cellular analysis of longterm habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia Califomica. Science, 202,1306-8. 

Piomelli, D, (1991) Metabolism of arachidonic acid in nervous system of marine moUusk, Aplysia califomica. Am.J. Physiol. 260, R844-R848... 

Murphy, G.G., Glanzman, D.L., 1997. Mediation of dassical conditioning in Aplysia califomica by long-term potentiation of sensorimotor synapses. Science 278 (5337), 467-471. 

Food chain between Aplysia califomica and Plocamium cartUagincum... 

Faulkner, D.J. and Stallard, M.O. (1973) 7-Chloro-3,7-dimethyl-l,4,6-tribromo-octen-3-ol, a novel monoterpene alcohol from Aplysia califomica. Tetrahedron Lett., 14, 1171-1174. 

Another interesting pathway to defense metabolites is illustrated by escapin in the defensive secretion of the sea hare Aplysia califomica. Escapin is an L-amino acid oxidase which oxidizes L-lysine in an equilibrium mixture of antipredatory and antimicrobial metabolites which depends on the pH. This enzymatic oxidation led to A -piperidine-2-carboxylic acid and H2O2 as the major components of the mixture. Then, a nonenzymatic reaction occurs between H2O2 and the former metabolites resulting in two end products, 8-aminovaleric add and 8-valer-olactam (Kamio et al., 2009). 

---