Anxiolytics side effects

In 2000, Simig et al. began to conduct structure activity relationships on 25 by employing the Pictet-Gams reaction. Compound 25 had been identified as an anxiolytic agent that does not show sedative side-effects. ... 

The anxiolytic agent buspirone (131) is notable for the fact that it does not interact with the receptor for the benzodiazepines. This difference in biochemical pharmacology is reflected in the fact that buspirone (131) seems to be devoid of some of the characteristic benzodiazepine side effects. The spiran function is apparently not required for anxiolytic activity. Alkylation of 3,3-dimethylglutarimide with dichlorobutane in the presence of strong base yields the intermedi-... 

Anxiolytics are drugs used for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Apart from benzodiazpines, a frequently used anxiolytic is the 5HT1A (serotonin) receptor agonist buspiron, which has no sedative, amnestic or muscle-relaxant side effects, but whose action takes about a week to develop. Furthermore, it is less efficaceous than the benzodiazepines. Buspiron s mechanism of action is not fully understood. 

Anxiolytics with little abuse potential, such as buspirone, and antidepressants that have a benign side-effect profile and may reduce ethanol intake warrant careful evaluation in the treatment of anxious and depressed alcoholic patients. 

Zolpidem, chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines or barbiturates, acts selectively at the y-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA)-receptor and has minimal anxiolytic and no muscle relaxant or anticonvulsant effects. It is comparable in effectiveness to benzodiazepine hypnotics, and it has little effect on sleep stages. Its duration is approximately 6 to 8 hours, and it is metabolized to inactive metabolites. Common side effects are drowsiness, amnesia, dizziness, headache, and GI complaints. Rebound effects when discontinued and tolerance with prolonged use are minimal, but theoretical concerns about abuse exist. It appears to have minimal effects on next-day psychomotor performance. The usual dose is 10 mg (5 mg in the elderly or those with liver impairment), which can be increased up to 20 mg nightly. Cases of psychotic reactions and sleep-eating have been reported. 

The development of the benzodiazepine class of drugs for the treatment of a variety of neurological indications has proven to be an outstanting success story in the field of chemotherapy. However, these compounds often produce undesirable side effects when used as anti-anxiety or hypnotic agents. These side effects include sedation, physical dependence, amnesia, muscle relaxation, and ethanol potentiation. The development of a benzodiazepine receptor-based anxiolytic agent devoid of these side effects would constitute a major advance in the field and has been the focus of significant research efforts [284]. 

Buspirone is an extremely specific drug that could possibly represent a new chemical class of anxiolytics—azaspirones. As an anxiolytic, its activity is equal to that of benzodiazepines however, it is devoid of anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant properties, which are characteristic of benzodiazepines. It does not cause dependence or addiction. The mechanism of its action is not conclusively known. It does not act on the GABA receptors, which occurs in benzodiazepine use however, it has a high affinity for seratonin (5-HT) receptors and a moderate affinity for dopamine (D2) receptors. Buspirone is effective as an anxiolytic. A few side effects of buspirone include dizziness, drowsiness, headaches, nervousness, fatigue, and weakness. This drug is intended for treatment of conditions of anxiety in which stress, muscle pain, rapid heart rate, dizziness, fear, etc. are observed in other words, conditions of anxiety not associated with somewhat common, usual, and everyday stress. Synonyms for buspirone are anizal, axoren, buspar, buspimen, buspinol, narol, travin, and others. 

Chlormezanone improves the emotional state of the patient, relieving moderate anxiety and stress. However, it has a number of side effects, and because it does not have any advantage over other anxiolytics, it is rarely used in practice. Synonyms of this drag are trancopal, alinam, flexipirin, and others. 

No satisfactory randomised controlled trials have been published demonstrating the efficacy of carbamazepine in anxiety disorders, although it has a history of use as an anxiolytic in panic disorder and PTSD. It has an unfavourable side-effect profile (nausea, dizziness, ataxia) and multiple drug interactions due to induction of liver enzymes. 

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