Antiviral /cytotoxic activities

The myxobacterium Chondromyces crocatus contains the novel chondrochlo-rens A (831) and B (832) (879). A marine Streptomyces species has afforded the manumycin antibiotics chinikomycins A (833) and B (834) (880). While inactive in antiviral, antimicrobial, and phytotoxicity screens, these chinikomycins display some cytotoxic activity. 

Crambescidins Crambe crambe Antiviral and cytotoxic activities... 

Cytotoxic activity, like cytostatic and antiviral activity, requires specific structural entities in a molecule4 7-). All these activities may be derived from the same structural moiety, or various parts of the molecule may be responsible for them. Thus, structural modifications in an antitumor compound are extremely useful for... 

The results, reported in Fig. 8, show that treatment with distamycin/A, distamycin/4 and distamycin/5 reduces the number of MSV-foci produced in vitro. The inhibitory activity was dependent on the dose used, and increased according to the number of pyrrole residues in the molecule. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds increases at higher doses however, it was always less than their antiviral activity. 

Table 4. Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of some distamycin derivatives. The activity of distamycin derivatives was tested on mouse embryo cells infected or not with MSV (M), ID o Inhibiting dose 50% 77 = therapeutic index, 77>so-cell/72)50-virus...

Nowadays saponins have been studied because different beneficial properties to health have been described. Saponins possess a broad variety of biological effects analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, and cytotoxic activity, effect on the absorption of minerals and vitamins and on animal growth, hemolytic and immunosti-mulatory effects, increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa neuro-protective action, and reduction of fat absorption (Gu lii-Ustundag and Mazza, 2007). However, the biological properties of quinoa saponins require further study. 

Isatin (lH-indole-2,3-dione) is an endogenous compoimd identified in humans. This class of compoimds possesses a wide range of biological activities [35] that include antiallergic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiuretic, antithrombotic, antitubercular, antiviral, anxiogenic, immunosuppressant, muscle relaxant, and sedative activities. Vine et aL [36] synthesized a variety of isatin derivatives (XII) and evaluated their cytotoxic activities against the human monocyte-Uke histiocytic lymphoma (U937) ceU line in vitro. We used these cytotoxic data to develop QSAR Eq. 11 (Table 5) ... 

Compounds having a linear fusion of four or five successive 2,4-disubstituted thiazoline oxazole rings are important because of their antiviral activities. Among these compounds are tantazoles which exhibit an unusual cytotoxic activity <90JA8195>. The structure of tantazoles have been revised <93TL668l> and in some cases like tantazole B (460) the absolute configuration has been established by total synthesis <93JA8449>. 

Dinakaran, M., Selvam, P., DeDlerco, E., and Sridhar, S.K., 2003. Synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic activity of 6-bromo-2,3-disubstituted-4(3H)-quinazoliones. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26 1278-1282. 

Blue-green algae (= cyanobacteria) are prokaryotes which are responsible for the production of metabolites with antiviral, fungicidal and cytotoxic activities [40, 41]. These photosynthetic organisms are frequently found living within host invertebrates, most notably the sponges. Aspects of the chemistry of such associations will be discussed in subsequent sections... 

Saikosaponin d (50) from Bupleurum falcatum is not suitable to be applied as an antiviral agent because of its strong cytotoxic activity on host cells, but it is highly active in vitro as an inactivating agent on viruses with envelopes such as measles and herpes [151]. 

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