Chondromyces crocatus

The myxobacterium Chondromyces crocatus contains the novel chondrochlo-rens A (831) and B (832) (879). A marine Streptomyces species has afforded the manumycin antibiotics chinikomycins A (833) and B (834) (880). While inactive in antiviral, antimicrobial, and phytotoxicity screens, these chinikomycins display some cytotoxic activity. 

Jansen R, Kunze B, Reichenbach H, Hofle G (2003) Chondrochloren A and B, New (3-Amino Styrenes from Chondromyces crocatus (Myxobacteria). Eur J Org Chem 2684... 

Kunze B, Jansen R, Sasse F, Hofle G, Reichenbach (1995) Chondramides A-D, New Antifungal and Cytostatic Depsipeptides from Chondromyces crocatus (Myxobacteria). Production, Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties. J Antibiot 48 1262... 

Proteobacteria, Myxobacteria Chondromyces crocatus (chondramides A—D) [90]. F Basidiomycota Cortinarius violaceusa [5]. P Acanthaceae Aphelandra spp. (aphel-andrine, orantine [102]) Veronicaceae Chaenorhinum sp. [(S)-/ -Tyr chaenorhine, chaenorpine] [103]. 

Figure 14 Biosynthesis of PKS-NRPS hybrid compounds in myxobacteria (b). Biosynthesis of chondramide D (34) in Chondromyces crocatus Cm c5. The DH domain from module 1 (marked with an asterisk) is most likely inactive. During the assembly of the chondramide backbone, an unusual extender unit - a /3-amino acid - is incorporated by NRPS module 6. The precursor is generated by the tyrosine amino mutase (TAM) CmdF, which converts L-tyrosine into R-/3-tyrosine (see box). The function of the terminal phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (PEP) domain is still unknown. Macrocyclization catalyzed by the TE domain yields chondramide C (40), which can be further transformed to the chlorinated derivative chondramide D (34). The halogenation process catalyzed by CmdE may also take place on the assembly line intermediate.

Kunze, B., Jansen, R., Hofle, G., and Reichenbach, H. (2004) Ajudazols, new inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport from Chondromyces crocatus. Production, antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action. J. Antibiot, 57 (2), 151-155. 

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 606,607,609, 610,614-618,621-628 Chondromyces crocatus 457,465 chloramphenicol 513 Chlorella ellipsoidea 615 Chlorella protothecoides 628 Chlordla vulgaris 630 Chlorella zoofingensis 617 chloroplast genetic engineering... 

Present in various cooked foods. Prod, by Chondromyces crocatus. Liq. with peanut-like odour. Bpis 68-70° (as 1 1 mixt. with the 2,6-isomer), 1.4865. 

Among these Gram-negative bacteria, the genus Chondromyces crocatus holds a special place as it represents one of the most productive sources for... 

Rachid S, Krug D, Kunze B, Kochems I, Scharfe M, Zabriskie TM, Blocker H, Mueller R. Molecular and biochemical studies of chondramide formation-highly cytotoxic natural products from Chondromyces crocatus cm c5. Chem. Biol. 2006 13 667-681. 

Dialkylpyrazines (examples) Chondromyces crocatus Dickschat et al., 2005b... 

Dickschat J.S., Reichenbach, H., Wagner-Dobler, L, and Schulz, S. (2005b) Novel pyrazines from the myxobacterium Chondromyces crocatus and marine bacteria. Eur. J. Org. Chem., 4141—4153. 

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