Antiviral agents inhibitors

Patick AK, Potts KE (1998) Protease inhibitors as antiviral agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 4 614—627... 

Alymova IV, Taylor G, and Portner A (2005). Neuraminidase inhibitors as antiviral agents. Current... 

It may be possible to increase the utility of our resources to treat influenza virus infection through combinations of antiviral agents with different modes of action (discussed in Cinatl et al. 2007a De Clercq and Neyts 2007). The sialidase inhibitors, for example, may be able to be used in conjunction with the adamantane-based M2 ion channel inhibitors (Govorkova et al. 2004 Ilyushina et al. 2006), with Ribavirin (Smee et al. 2002) or with non-influenza virus specific therapeutics such as anti-inflammatory drugs (Carter 2007). Combination therapy may also reduce the potential of resistance development (Ilyushina et al. 2006). 

In this chapter, we have described the spectrum of antiviral activities that have been discovered beyond the world of nucleoside analogues, protease and fusion inhibitors. The compounds and mechanisms described here may one day add significantly to the armamentarium of antiviral agents, not only against Herpes Simplex, Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, but also against Hepatitis C and Human Cytomegalovirus. 

Durantel D, Alotte C, Zonlim F. (2007) Glncosidase inhibitors as antiviral agents for hepatitis B and C. Curr Opin Invest Drugs 8 125-129. 

Supuran CT, Casini A, Scozzafava A. Protease inhibitors of the sulfonamide type anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. Med Res Rev 2003 23 535-58. 

The replicative cycle of HIV presents many opportunities for the targeting of antiviral agents. The drugs in clinical use are classified as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NTRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PI). 

Although any of these seven steps could be a druggable target, most of the antiviral agents clinically employed for non-AIDS infections act on the synthesis or assembly of either purines or pyrimidines (steps 3 and 4). For AIDS, reverse transcriptase inhibitors block transcription of the HIV RNA genome into DNA, thereby preventing synthesis of viral mRNA and protein protease inhibitors act on the synthesis of late proteins (steps 5 and 6). 

Drug interactions There are no known drug interactions with Adagen. However, the antiviral agent vidarabine (Vira-A) is a substrate for ADA and 2 -deoxyco-formycin (Pentostatin) is a potent inhibitor of ADA. Thus the activities of these drugs and Adagen could be substantially altered if they are used in combination with one another. 

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites their replication depends primarily on synthetic processes of the host cell. Therefore, to be effective, antiviral agents must either block viral entry into or exit from the cell or be active inside the host cell. As a corollary, nonselective inhibitors of virus replication may interfere with host cell function and... 

All marine organisms have been proved to be a veritable cornucopia of unusual steroid metabolites, but some believe that marine sponges may provide the most diverse and biogenetically unprecedented array of unconventional steroids in the entire animal kingdom. These steroids are potent inhibitors of histamine release, are anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressants, antineoplastic agents, and antiviral agents. However, their full therapeutic potential remains to be delineated. 

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