Antituberculin drugs

Tuberculosis is another medical condition that is highly prevalent in Hispanics (Bloch et al. 1994). In contrast to the CYP inhibitory effects seen with HIV antivirals, treatment with the antituberculin drug rifampin appears to bring about CYP enzyme induction. This enzyme induction by rifampin is thought to account for the lack of response to concurrently prescribed antipsychotics in patients being treated for both psychotic disorders and tuberculosis (Li et al. 1997). 

Both phase I and phase II biotransformations are enzymatic reactions that normally take place in the liver. The type of phase I and phase II biotransformations, and the order and number in which they occur, are a function of the drug structure and available liver enzymes. A drug may undergo only phase 1 metabolism, or a phase I reaction with a subsequent phase II reaction. It is also possible for a drug to undergo the phase II reaction before undergoing the phase I and possibly a second phase II reaction, as well (e.g., the antituberculin drug isoniazid). 

Antituberculin Agents. Rifampin [13292 6-1], a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin SV, is a most valuable drug for treatment of tuberculosis, an infection caused by mycobacteria, leprosy, and an expanding range of other infections (23). Cycloserine [64-41-7] has been used to a limited extent for treatment of tuberculosis as a reserve drug. Although cycloserine inhibits bacteria by interfering with their cell wall biosynthesis, it has toxic side effects in humans in the form of neurotoxicity. Capreomycin [11003-38-6] and to a much lesser extent viomycin [32988-50-4]y both of which are peptides, have also been used for treatment of this disease. 

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