Antipsychotics mesoridazine

Low-potency antipsychotics include thioridazine, mesoridazine, and chlorpromazine. 

Whatever the underlying causes may be, neuroleptic medications are the most effective treatment for schizophrenia. All antipsychotic medications have some form of dopamine receptor antagonism and they are distinguished by their chemical class. The phenothiazines include chlorpromazine (Thorazine), thioridazine (Mellaril), mesoridazine (Serentil), trifluoperazine (Stelazine), fluphenazine (Prolixin), and prochlorperazine (Compazine). The thioxanthenes include chlorprohixine (Taractan) and thiothixene (Navane). Butyrophenones are represented by haloperidol (Haldol). Loxapine (Loxitane) is a dibenzoxapine, and molindone (Moban) is a dihydroindolone. 

Mesoridazine (Serentil). This antipsychotic has effects similar to its other low potency counterparts. It should also be started at a low dose and gradually increased. 

From the chemical point of view antipsychotic drugs are subdivided into six chemical groups, as well as to the group of non-classifiable drugs. They are phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, promazine, triflupromazine, acetophenazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorpherazine, trifluoperazine, mesoridazine, and thioridazine), thioxanthenes... 

Most patients are able to tolerate the antimuscarinic adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs. Those who are made too uncomfortable or who develop urinary retention or other severe symptoms can be switched to an agent without significant antimuscarinic action. Orthostatic hypotension or impaired ejaculation—common complications of therapy with chlorpromazine or mesoridazine—should be managed by switching to drugs with less marked adrenoceptor-blocking actions. 

OFFICIAL NAMES Major tranquilizers (neuroleptics/antipsychotics) Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) chlorprothixene (Taractan) clozaril (Clozapine) fluphenazine (Permitil, Prolixin) haloperidol (Haldol) loxapine (Daxolin, Loxitane) mesoridazine (Serentil) molindone (Lidone,... 

Because of its effects on the QTc interval, mesoridazine is not intended for use unless other options (at least 2 antipsychotics) have failed... 

I Sedation and Cognition. Sedation must be recognized as an antipsychotic side effect and not as an indication of therapeutic effect. It occurs more frequently with antipsychotics with antihistaminic properties. Chlorpromazine, thioridazine, mesoridazine, clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine are most frequently implicated. Administration of most or all of the daily dosage at bedtime (depending on the drug half-life) can decrease daytime sedation and in some patients eliminate the need for hypnotic agents. Sedation occurs early in treatment... 

Mesoridazine An antipsychotic drug with a fairly strong sedating effect that may calm persons who feel highly agitated or violent. 

Mesoridazine, a metabolite of thioridazine, is thought to exert its antipsychotic effects by postsynaptic blockade of CNS dopamine receptors, thereby inhibiting dopamine-mediated effects. Mesoridazine has many other central and peripheral affects it produces both alpha and ganglionic blockade and counteracts histamine- and serotonin-mediated activities. Mesoridazine and thioridazine cause fewer movement disorders (see Phenotheazine Derivatives). Mesoridazine is metabolized to inactive metabolites, which are excreted by the kidneys. Overdosage of mesoridazine causes CNS depression characterized by deep, unarousable sleep, convulsive seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias (see also Table 2). 

Thioridazine (50 to 100 mg p.o. t.i.d.) is indicated in psychosis. Thioridazine has potent anticholinergic properties and causes heavy sedation. However, it produces a very low incidence of extrapyramidal reactions such as akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Thioridazine is metabolized to mesoridazine, which is an active antipsychotic (see Table 19). 

Antipsychotics Chlorpromazine, Chlorprothixene, Clozapine, Loxapine, Perphenazine, Pimozide, Mesoridazine, Trifluoperazine, Thioridazine... 

Haloperidol (Haldol), risperidone (Risperdal), loxapine (Loxitane), ziprasidone (Geodon), quetiapine (Seroquel), clozapine (Clozaril), aripiprazole (Abilify), and thioridazine (Mellaril) are targeted in this solid phase extraction (SPE), liquid chromatography— tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Both 9-hydroxy-risperidone (Paliperiodone), an equipotent metabolite, and mesoridazine (Serentil) are also included in this method as they are pharmacologically active major metabolites of risperidone and thioridazine, respectively (4). Olanzapine (Zyprexa) can be quantified with this instrument method however, the extraction method is a liquid-liquid basic extraction (see Note 1). Due to the subsequent administration of antidepressants in conjunction with antipsychot-ics, this method can also be used for many of the common antidepressants, including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (see Note 2). 

The besylate salt of mesoridazine 43 is a commercially available antipsychotic medication that is used for treating schizophrenia and mania as well as major depression, anxiety, or severe behavior disorders in children. Mesoridazine 43 has four enantiomers, but the commercial samples are sold as only one diastereomeric pair. The methyl sulfoxide peak of 43 in the H NMR spectrum in the presence of 39 exhibits a peak for each of the four enantiomers. The areas of the sulfoxide resonances were used to compare the diastereomeric ratio of freshly prepared samples of 43 with commercial samples for changes in the ratio of the different isomers. ... 

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