Antipsychotic drugs involuntary movements

When administering the antipsychotic drugs, the nurse observes the patient for extrapyramidal effects , which include muscular spasms of the face and neck, the inability to steep or s t still, tremors rigidity, or involuntary rhythmic movements The nurse notifiesthe primary health care provider of the occurrence of these symptoms because they may indicate a need for dosage adjustment. 

Tardive dyskinesia A chronic disorder of the nervous system characterized by involuntary jerky or writhing movements of the face, tongue, jaws, trunk, and limbs, usually developing as a late side effect of prolonged treatment with antipsychotic drugs. 

Tardive dyskinesia A collection of involuntary movements that are a side effect of long-term administration of typical antipsychotic drugs. 

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) TD, a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary dyskinetic movements, may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Both the risk of developing TD and the likelihood that it will become irreversible are increased as duration of treatment and total cumulative dose administered increase. 

Tardive dyskinesia A movement disorder characterized by involuntary, fragmented movements of the mouth, face, and jaw (i.e., chewing, sucking, tongue protrusion, and the like). This disorder may occur during the prolonged administration of antipsychotic drugs. 

Chlorpromazine, the first modern drug to be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, was introduced into psychiatry in 1952 [61]. It was followed by a number of other drugs for the treatment of these conditions (e.g., haloperidol, thioridazine). These were also called neuroleptics because of their neurological side effects, such as parkinsonian syndrome and tardive dyskinesia. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face and limbs. The antipsychotic properties of these drugs were inseparable from the extrapyramidal effects. 

An extrapyramidal complication characterized by involuntary movements of the mouth and tongue, trunk, and extremities a side effect of long-term (two or more years) use of antipsychotic drugs. 

Most patients who returned to society were able to function moderately well, but if they stopped their medication their condition deteriorated. Also, CPZ and compounds related to this phenothiazine series produced motoric side effects, including extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) that resemble Parkinson s disease. These symptoms could be severe and developed in up to 90% of patients on typical antipsychotic drugs. This condition often progressed to irreversible tardive dyskinesias, involuntary movements of the limbs and facial muscles that resemble the symptoms of Huntington s disease. In addition, such typical antipsychotics, although they were effective in treating the positive or florid symptoms of schizophrenia, did not ameliorate the negative symptoms of the disease. 

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