Antimony-containing compounds

A study of the vanadium catalyzed dehydrogenation reaction showed antimony interacts with vanadium and decreases its dehydrogenation activity. Cracking catalyst was contaminated with vanadium in the laboratory, A portion of this contaminated catalyst was then treated with an antimony containing compound to passivate vanadium. The catalysts were evaluated by cracking gas oil. The yield of hydrogen for passivated catalyst averaged fifteen percent less than for the unpassivated catalyst. 

Table 3 213b NMR data for selected antimony-containing compounds ...

Acute oral exposure to high doses of antimony or antimony-containing compounds may cause gastrointestinal disorders (vomiting, diarrhea), respiratory difficulties, and death at extremely high doses. Subchronic and chronic oral exposure may affect blood cell production and blood chemistry. 

Antimony may enter the human body through the consumption of meats, vegetables, and seafood which all contain about 0.2—1.1 ppb antimony. Disposal of Antimony. Antimony and its compounds have been designated as priority pollutants by the EPA (35). As a result users, transporters, generators, and processors of antimony-containing material must comply with regulations of the Eederal Resource Conservative and Recovery Act (RCRA). 

Solutions containing compounds of copper, tin, arsenic, antimony, and other reducible metals must never be used. These must be removed before the reduction by treatment with hydrogen sulphide. 

Due to the thermal instabilities of SbH3, MeSbH2, and Me2SbH, trimethylantimony (Me3Sb) is the conventional precursor used to grow antimony-containing materials.154,155 In order to reduce the pyrolysis temperature a number of other antimony alkyl compounds have also been investigated and are listed in Table 9. 

For those organohalogen compounds which can undergo intramolecular dehydrohalogenation, reaction sequence [1] has been proposed as the principal route to the generation of volatile antimony containing species (3, 5, 7, 18, 20). ... 

For those organohalogen compounds which cannot readily undergo intramolecular dehydrohalogenation, two alternative reaction sequences, (2) and [3], for the generation of volatile antimony containing species have been proposed (9, 21, 22). 

X-Ray crystallographic analysis of antimony containing four-membered ring compounds is still unknown to the best of our knowledge. 

Antimony(V) compounds contain the antimonate ion, SbO -. Their characteristics are similar to the corresponding arsenic compounds. 

Polypropylene fibres can be flame retarded with bromine- and phosphorous-containing additives to the polymer melt. However, very high add-ons are necessary and fibre properties are adversely affected. When polypropylene is used in carpets, flame retardancy can be achieved by incorporating halogen-containing compounds and antimony trioxide into the latex backing. ... 

From these compendia we find negligible relevant data nor any useful patterns or insight for our study of arsenic-, antimony- and bismuth-containing compounds. 

It is to be recalled that not only is there ambiguity as to the products of combustion of any antimony-containing species (cf. Reference 28), thermochemical studies of sulfur compounds show related complications. (See for example, the discussion in W. N. Hubbard, D. W. Scott and G. Waddington, in Experimental Thermochemistry Measurements of Heats of Reaction (Ed. F. D. Rossini), Interscience, New York, 1956.)... 

The thermolysis is strongly affected by structural features e.g. Westin and Nygren investigated the thermolysis of antimony-containing binary alkoxides with transition metals. The compounds approximate the composition MSb(OEt)5, M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni. These materials are suitable for sol-gel processes. The gels were heated in the temperature range 50-950 °C and quenched at various temperatures to be examined spectroscopically (I.R. and X-ray powder diffraction). The thermolysis was carried out in both N2 and air. The final products are shown in the equations below ... 

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