Antigen conjugates

Shirota, H. et al., Regulation of murine airway eosinophilia and Th2 cells by antigen-conjugated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as a novel antigen-specific immunomodulator, J Immunol, 164, 5575, 2000. 

Figure 7.80 The reaction of protein with the penicillin molecule (hapten) to form a possibly antigenic conjugate. Breakdown products may also react with protein. The protein might be either soluble or cellular. For penicillin G, R=benzyl. The strained p-lactam ring is indicated.

This antihypertensive drug was withdrawn from use after a number of cases of occulomucocutaneous syndrome (skin rashes, keratinization of the eye, and other tissues). Mechanism is unknown, but there is evidence for metabolism (microsomal enzyme mediated) to a reactive intermediate capable of reacting with protein and forming antigenic conjugates. Antipractolol antibodies are detected in patients. Syndrome is not reproducible in animals, but in hamsters, practolol accumulates in the eye. 

A disposable immunosensor for AFBi determination in barley has been reported [203], this time using an SPCE bearing surface-immobilised AFBi antigen conjugated to BSA. After incubation of the sensor with the sample and an anti-AFBi monoclonal antibody, the addition of a secondary antibody labelled with alkaline phosphatase, enabled the generation of 1-naphthol from 1-NP, and its detection using DPY. The assay had a reported detection limit of 30pgml 1 in barley. 

Aizawa et al. reported the development of a competitive enzyme immunoassay using electrodes (A2). In this method, antibody immobilized on the membrane is attached to the electrodes for oxygen. When catalase-antigen conjugate binds to the immobilized antibody, production of oxygen can be... 

Antigens conjugated to or co-administered with lipopeptides have been demonstrated in some cases to be immunogenic when administered via nasal (Zeng et al. 2000 Zeng et al. 2002 Batzloff et al. 2006) or oral routes (Nardelli et al. 1994) and are capable of eliciting both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Recent studies have investigated the use of... 

Homogeneous liposome immunoassays using lytic agents other than complement and mellitin have also been used. Phospholipase C catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phospholipids, which in turn destabilizes the liposome. The assay is based on the inhibition of the lytic activity by an antibody binding to an antigen conjugated to phospholipase Gentamicin is analyzed by this method. 

Solid-phase Ligation Chemoenzymatic Vaccine Antigen Conjugation Antibiotic Immune response Inflammatory response Conformation Mimetic... 

When the resulting drug-antigen conjugate (D-Ag) is injected into the bloodstream of a rabbit, the immune system of the rabbit synthesizes antibodies with... 

Add BGase-antigen conjugate (50 /il of a 19.4 mM solution) and incubate for an additional hour. 

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