Antigen-encapsulating nanoparticles

Fig. 10 Preparation of antigen-encapsulating nanoparticles by w/o/w emulsion method...

Shen H, Ackerman AL, Cody V et al (2006) Enhanced and prolonged cross-presentation following endosomal escape of exogenous antigens encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles. Immunology 117 78-88... 

Borges, O., Tavares, J., de Sousa, A., Borchard, G., Junginger, H.E, and Cordeiro-da-Silva, A. 2007. Evaluation of the immune response following a short oral vaccination schedule with hepatitis B antigen encapsulated into alginate-coated chitosan nanoparticles. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 32 278-290. 

Peptide drug delivery Antigen encapsulated chitosan microparticles emd nanoparticles... 

Solbrig CM, Saucier-Sawyer JK, Cody V et al (2007) Polymer nanoparticles for immunotherapy from encapsulated tumor-associated antigens and whole tumor cells. Mol Pharm 4 47-57... 

The HRE peptide was shown to minerahze a total of seven nanoclusters, ZnS, Au , Ag°, Pt°, Cu , Ti02, and Ag2S. All nanoparticles were formed by mixing appropriate ratios of metal to peptide to form a metal peptide precursor complex. To this solution, sulfide or reductant was added to form the appropriate encapsulated metal nanocluster. Condensation of titanium isopropoxide in the presence of HRE was used for synthesis of Ti02-(HRE) nanoparticles. Once formed, all of the nanoclusters were characterized using UV-vis, IR, powder XRD, transmission electron microscopy, and an antigen capture assay,... 

Polymer nanoparticles with diameters of 50-500 nm are now widely used. As with microspheres and microcapsules, one can differentiate between solid polymeric spheres (nanoparticles) and those spheres with thin polymeric walls (nanocapsules). The locus of polymerisation is not an emulsion droplet as in microencapsulation, hut a micelle. The process involves the soluhilisation of a water-soluhle monomer such as acrylamide along with the dmg or other agent such as antigen to he encapsulated. An organic liquid such as n-hexane serves as the outer phase. Polymerisation is induced hy irradiation (y-rays. X-rays, UV light), exposure to visible light or heating with an initiator. 

FIGURE 25.6 Different approaches which have been developed for protection of chitosan-based carriers loaded with antigen from harsh environment of stomach (A) protected alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles (B) encapsulation of chitosan nanoparticles within vesicular systems. 

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