Antifouling bioassays

Femandez-Alba, A.R., Hernando, M.D., Piedra, L. and Chisti, Y. (2002) Toxicity evaluation of single and mixed antifouling biocides measured with acute toxicity bioassays, Analytica Chimica Acta 456 (2), 303-312. 

Sclerosponges such as A. willeyana have been difficult to classify. Ho vever, the discovery of metabolites of the oroidin class lend support to the assignment of A. wilhyana to the order Agelasida. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Agdas mauritiana led to the isolation of a new antifouling oroidin dimer named mauritiamine (8S) [122]. Its synthesis has been reported [123]. 

In the marine environment there has been the first reported occurrence of so-called antifouling (namely, anticrustaceous activity) by (15 0)-anacardic acid. Thus bioassay-directed fractionation of the dichloromethane extract from twigs of Ozoroa insignis containing the phenolic lipid, was used with larvae from Artemia salina as a model to investigate the activity [296]. 

Gatidou G, Thomaidis NS (2007) Evaluation of single and joint toxic effects of two antifouling biocides, their main metabolites and copper using phytoplankton bioassays. Aquat Toxicol 85 184-191... 

Ceratinamides A (68) and B (69), antifouling bromotyrosine derivatives, were isolated from marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea through a bioassay -guided isolation (Figure 4) [38]. Ceratinamide A (68) is structurally similar to psammaplysin A (27) and has one formyl group at the A-terminus. 

Williamson PR (1994) The screening of sponge extracts for antifouling activity using a bioassay with laboratory-reared cyprid larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Int Biodeter Biodegr 34 361-373 Williamson PR, Wakamatsu K, Ito S (1998) Melanin biosynthesis in Cryptococcus... 

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