Antidotes exposure protocol

If liquid/droplet exposure is known or suspected in an individual exhibiting miosis only or miosis and rhinorrhea only, it is recommended that the individual receive no antidote treatment but be closely observed for at least 18 h, because toxic effects of liquid percutaneous exposure may not manifest for several hours (Sidell, 1997 Cannard, 2006). Toxic effects from vapor-only exposure usually occur quickly (within minutes) (Sidell, 1997). Current medical management guidelines and recommended medication protocols are summarized in ATSDR (2007), Vale et al. (2007), and Pulley and Jones (2008). The ATSDR antidote treatment protocol for civilian emergency management is summarized in Table 9.7. For additional information about antidotal treatment, readers are referred to Chapters 67, 68, and 71 of this volume. 

TABLE 6.7. Recommended antidote protocol for emergency nerve agent exposure therapy ... 

Medical treatment protocol (type and dose of antidotes and other medications) for casualties with various level of exposure... 

Another area that would be of direct benefit to the medical personnel responsible for treating pesticide exposure in humans is the development of antidotal and symptomatic treatment for the various classes of pesticides. Although we have more specific antidotes available to treat pesticide poisoning than for any other single class of acute poisons, the number of antidotes is small for non-insecticidal pesticides and these cases must be treated symptomatically. The current acute toxicity protocols do not currently provide the kind of clinical information that is needed in such cases. 

TABLE 9.7 Recommended Antidote Protocol for Emergency Nerve Agent Exposure Therapy ... 

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