Benzodiazepines antidepressants

Recommended drugs for GAD are antidepressants, benzodiazepines, Buspirone and hydroxyzine (Ballenger et al. 2001). The use of antipsychotics is not supported by controlled trials and is discouraged due to their poor long-term... 

Beta-blockers interact with a large number of other medications. The combination of beta-blockers with calcium antagonists should be avoided, given the risk for hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias. Cimetidine, hydralazine, and alcohol all increase blood levels of beta-blockers, whereas rifampicin decreases their concentrations. Beta-blockers may increase blood levels of phenothiazines and other neuroleptics, clonidine, phen-ytoin, anesthetics, lidocaine, epinephrine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and other antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and thyroxine. Beta-blockers decrease the effects of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Smoking, oral contraceptives, carbamazepine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics decrease the effects of beta-blockers (Coffey, 1990). 

Ian Oswald is to be considered a pioneer in this field of research, having taken up sleep polygraphic investigations of the action of barbiturates, amphetamines, antidepressants, benzodiazepines and other substances in the early 1960s (Oswald, 1968). He and others found that almost all psychotropic... 

Currently, many physicians adopt a benzodiazepine-sparing strategy by using benzodiazepines when necessary but conservatively. That is, benzodiazepines can often be helpful when treatment is initiated or when a rapid-onset therapeutic effect is desired. They can also help improve the short-term tolerability of SSRIs by blocking the jitteriness and exacerbation of panic sometimes observed when initiating treatment with an SSRI or other antidepressant. Benzodiazepines can also be useful to top up the patient s treatment on an as-needed basis for sudden and unexpected decompensation or short-term psychosocial stressors. Finally, if a patient is not fully responsive to an antidepressant or combinations of antidepressants, long-term treatment with concomitant benzodiazepines and antidepressants may become necessary to effect full or adequate control of symptoms. Sometimes, once symptoms are suppressed for several months to a year, the benzodiazepine can be slowly discontinued and the patient maintained long-term on the antidepressant alone. The consequences of inadequate treatment of panic disorder can be very severe loss of social and oc-... 

Social phobia is characterized by expected panic attacks, that is, attacks are expected in situations of public scrutiny because of the fear the patient has of that situation. The biological basis of social phobia is obscure. Treatment is with SSRIs and perhaps other antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and sometimes beta blockers. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a reaction to traumatic events, is associated with a hyperaroused autonomic nervous system, and appears to respond to SSRI treatment. 

See also Amphetamines Antidepressants Benzodiazepine Diet pills Tranquilizers... 

Many medicines affect performance, not only psychotropic drugs (amongst which sedative antidepressants, benzodiazepines, hypnotics and antipsychotics are the most obvious examples) but also antihistctrnines, antimuscaiinics, analgesics including some NSAIDs, (e.g. indomethacin), antiepileptics, antidiabetics (hypoglycaemia) and some antihypertensives. Alcohol and caimabis are discussed on pages 178 and 190. 

Separation stress nonassertivenes Anxiety disorders Antidepressants, benzodiazepines... 

In the fourth chapter, Drs. Edmond H. Pi and Gregory E. Gray review the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and sociocultural influences on the psychotropic responses among Asian American populations. Particular consideration is given to anti-psychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and lithium. The authors stress the importance of prescribing the lowest possible effective dose, to minimize untoward side effects and thus ensure treatment compliance. 

Many attempts have been made to determine whether medications were influential as a risk factor. Although use of a prescription or nonprescription medication did not differ substantially between case patients and controls, it appeared that the use of an antidepressant or psychotropic medication (any antipsychotic, antidepressant, benzodiazepines, and/or other anxiolytic) could increase the risk of developing EMS.22-67 It is of interest that a number of medications, such as corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, and estrogen, which can alter tryptophan metabolism, have not been determined to have an effect on the development of EMS. Actually, some clinicians have postulated that EMS itself may be caused by or related to abnormal tryptophan metabolism.42 68... 

ACETOPHENAZINE, see Phenothiazines, piperazine ALPRAZOLAM, see Benzodiazepines AMITRIPTYLINE, see Tricyclic antidepressants AMOXAPINE, see Tricyclic antidepressants BENZODIAZEPINES (alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, diazepam, halazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, temazepam)... 

Extracted acitretin, 13-cis-acitretin, etretinate, 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid Noninterfering antidepressants, benzodiazepines, psoralen... 

Fishbein (1983) reviewed TLC studies on certain classes of pharmaceuticals and on drugs of abuse and abused drugs. He considered the significant TLC studies on barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antiarrhythmic drugs, phenacetin and acetaminophen, and several miscellaneous drugs. This chapter considers the aforementioned drugs along with several others. 

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