Anticoagulants overdoses

Harper P, Monahan K, Baker B. Warfarin induction at 5 mg daily is safe with a low risk of anticoagulant overdose results of an audit of patients with deep vein thrombosis commencing warfarin. Intern Med J 2005 35 717-20. 

Oral anticoagulant overdose PO, IV, Subcutaneous 2.5-10 mg/dose. May repeat in 12 8 hr if given orally and in 6-8 hr if given by IV or subcutaneous route. 

Bruno, G.R., Howland, M.A., McMeeking, A., Hoffinan, R.S. (2000). Long-acting anticoagulant overdose brodifacoum kinetics and optimal vitamin K dosing. Ann. Emerg. Med. 36(3) 262-7. 

Hoffman, R.S., Smilkstein, M.J., Goldfrank, L.R. (1988). Evaluation of coagulation factor abnormalities in long-acting anticoagulant overdose. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 26(3-4) 233 8. 

V. Drug or laboratory interactions. Empiric use after an acute anticoagulant overdose will delay (for up to several days) the onset of elevation of prothrombin time, which may give a false impression of insignificant ingestion in a case of serious superwarfarin overdose (see p 378). 

Therapeutically, vitamin K is used in prophylaxis and treatment of deficiency of clotting factor due to dietary deficiency of vitamin K, chronic antimicrobial therapy, malabsorption syndrome, obstructive jaundice, liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatitis, in neonates to prevent or treat haemorrhagic disease of new born to counteract the overdosing of oral anticoagulants... 

For example, aspirin should be avoided in patients with ulceration and patients taking anticoagulation medications. It is possible that misuse or overdose of OTC products may develop into many medical problems. For example, improper use of antacids (e.g., aluminum hydroxide) causes constipation. 

Chloramphenicol Palmitate Chloramphenicol has concentration-dependent incompatibility with many drugs. Chloramphenicol has severe toxic effects, and overdose may be treated by hemoperfusion of charcoal. It interacts with coumarin anticoagulants, some oral hypoglycemics, antiepileptic drugs, and nutrients such as iron and vitamin B12. 

Vitamin K is used to synthesize prothrombin and clotting factors VII, IX, and X, and is an antidote for oral overdose of anticoagulant. Vitamin K is in leafy green vegetables, liver, cheese, and egg yolk, and is synthesized by intestinal flora. 

Vitamin K is used to synthesize prothrombin and clotting factors VII, IX, and X and is an antidote for oral overdose of anticoagulant. 

Some examples of this approach are the linkage of adverse outcomes of inappropriate anticoagulation (stroke, myocardial infarct, or death widiin 6 days) to the measurement of prothrombin times and the linkage of adverse effects of digoxin therapy (death or hospitalization caused by insufficiency, overdose, or drug reaction) with the measurement of digoxmd ... 

Drugs can interact with other drugs. For example, some drugs used for diabetes are bound by plasma protein in the blood supply and are therefore not free to react with receptors. However, they can be displaced from the plasma protein by aspirin and this can lead to a drug overdose. A similar phenomenon is observed between anticoagulents and aspirin. 

For coagulant activity the isoprenoid side chains are not mandatory. Thus menadione, which is a naphthaquinone carrying only a methyl group at the 3-position, is considered a synthetic K vitamin (K3). It has the same actions as the natural products. It, and two derivatives—the water-soluble sodium bisulfite addition compound and the disodium salt of the phosphate ester of reduced menadione—are all used clinically as hemostatics, and to antidote overdoses of anticoagulants. 

---