Anticarbohydrate antibodies immunization

In 1923 antibodies specific for a polysaccharide in the pneumococcal cell wall were detected in the serum from rabbits immunized with non-viable pneumococcal cells by Heidelberger and Avery [1], Cell wall polysaccharides from other bacteria as reported by Lancefield [2], McCarty [3], Krause [4], Pazur [5], and Karakawa [6] activated the plasma cells in the serum of animals to initiate the biosynthesis of antibodies which were specific for the carbohydrates. Such antibodies are appropriately classified as anticarbohydrate antibodies. The antibodies which are synthesized on immunization are polyclonal antibodies and consist of various numbers of isoforms. The antibodies which are synthesized by fusion of immune spleen cells and myeloma cells are monoclonal antibodies. 

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