Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity monoclonal antibodies

Iannello A, Ahmad A. Role of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the efficacy of therapeutic anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2005 24 487M-99. 

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets CD20 lymphocytes (see Chapter 55). This depletion takes place through cell-mediated and complement-dependent cytotoxicity and stimulation of cell apoptosis. Depletion of lymphocytes reduces inflammation by decreasing the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes and inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Rituximab rapidly depletes peripheral cells although this depletion neither correlates with efficacy nor with toxicity. 

Trastazumab is a monoclonal antibody. It is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds with high afhnity to the extracellular domain of the HER2. It inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cells that over express HER2 and mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It is indicated in breast cancer. 

The monoclonal antibody rituximab, which binds to CD20, has been approved by FDA for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. After binding to CD20-positive cells, the exposed distal Fc part of the antibody leads to subsequent complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activation of natural killer cells, and finally cell lysis... 

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