Antibodies Variety

Enzyme Immunoassay. In EIA, antibody (or antigen) is labeled with (or conjugated to) an enzyme, and this reagent is used to complex and quantify the target antigen (or antibody) in a sample. Conjugation may utilize a variety of chemical methods. 

Most immunoassay kits and many commercial immunoassay analyzers are based on heterogenous EIA or FIA. These include an immunoassay system that uses FIA linked to radial partition chromatography of the antibody—antigen complex (39) a system that uses antibody-coated tubes for enzyme immunoassay of a variety of hormones and dmgs (40) and a system that uses either a sandwich or competitive FIA format to measure a variety of analytes (41). 

To date, the most extensively studied polyboron hydride compounds in BNCT research have been the icosahedral mercaptoborane derivatives Na2[B22H22SH] and Na [(B22H22S)2], which have been used in human trials with some, albeit limited, success. New generations of tumor-localizing boronated compounds are being developed. The dose-selectivity problem of BNCT has been approached using boron hydride compounds in combination with a variety of deUvery vehicles including boronated polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, porphyrins, amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and hposomes. Boron neutron capture therapy has been the subject of recent reviews (254). 

In type III or immunocomplex-mediated allergy, IgG antibodies form complexes with antigen. At low exposures, the body is able to remove diese complexes, but if there is a severe exposure, immunocomplexes release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. The involvement of this mechanism is clearest in serum sickness. This mechanism is also considered to be most important in the development of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, especially... 

In general, diagnostic tests that look for a particular protein of interest use biologically derived antibodies, usually from mice. However, proteins, DNA, RNA, and other biologicals may be derived from a variety of organisms like bacteria, yeast, plants, and other mammals for use as diagnostics. 

Lymphocytes are specialized white blood cells that play a crucial role in an immune response.They can be T lymphocytes, which can directly target and destroy defective cells, or B lymphocytes, which produce antibodies directed against specific antigens. Both T and B lymphocytes produce a variety of cytokines to augment and amplify the immune response. 

In the last 10 years organic chemists have shown great interest in antibodies that can promote a variety of chemical reactions, even those that are not catalyzed by natural enzymes [84]. 

Like many other antibodies, the activity of antibody 14D9 is sufficient for preparative application, yet it remains modest when compared to that of enzymes. The protein is relatively difficult to produce, although a recombinant format as a fusion vdth the NusA protein was found to provide the antibody in soluble form with good activity [20]. It should be mentioned that aldolase catalytic antibodies operating by an enamine mechanism, obtained by the principle of reactive immunization mentioned above [15], represent another example of enantioselective antibodies, which have proven to be preparatively useful in organic synthesis [21]. One such aldolase antibody, antibody 38C2, is commercially available and provides a useful alternative to natural aldolases to prepare a variety of enantiomerically pure aldol products, which are otherwise difficult to prepare, allovdng applications in natural product synthesis [22]. 

---