Antibiotic substances, activity against

Leben, C., and Keitt, G. W. (1948). An antibiotic substance active against certain phytopathogens. Phytopathology 38, 899-906. 

Fitzpatrick, F. K. Plant substances active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antibiot Chemother 1954 4 528. Saha, J. C., E. C. Savini, and S. Kasinathan. Ecbolic properties of Indian medicinal plants. Part I. Indian J Med Res 1961 49 130-151. 

The success of antibiotics in therapy and related fields has made them one of the most important products of the drug industry today. The quantity of antibiotics produced in the United States each year may now be measur in several millions of pounds and valued at billions of dollars. With research activity stimulated to find new substances to treat viral Infections that now are combated with only limited success and with the promising discovery that some antibiotics are active against cancers that may be viral in origin, the future development of more antibiotics and the increase in the amounts produced seem to be assured. 

Acylation of 6-APA with appropriate substances results in new penicillins being produeed whieh differ only in the nature of the side chain (Table 5.1 Fig. 5.2). Some of these penieillins have considerable activity against Gram-negative as well as Grampositive baeteria, and are thus broad-spectrum antibiotics. Pharmacokinetic properties may also be altered. 

Schatz, A. Bugle, E. Waksman, S.A. (1944) Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Proc. Spc. Exp. Biol. Med., 55, 66-9. 

Facilitated diffusion is a carrier-mediated mechanism of transplacental transfer. It is important for endogenous substances, such as glucose. It is also the mechanism for some drugs, e.g. the antibiotic cefalexin. Active transport is a carrier-mediated process that requires energy against an electrochemical or concentration gradient. Amino acids and calcium are transported by this mechanism. Only a few drugs, such as a-methyidopa and 5-fluorouracil, are transferred by active transport. 

Nakajima H, Hori Y, Terano H, Okuhara M, Manda T, Matsumoto S, Shimomura K (1996) New Antitumor Substances, FR901463, FR901464 and FR901465 II. Activities Against Experimental Tumors in Mice and Mechanism of Action. J Antibiot 49 1204... 

Antibiotic substance from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. Active against Gram positive and Gram negative organisms, including E. colt (127, 141). Closely related, perhaps identical, to albomycin. 

Bacterial strains CF-20 (CECT5719) and C-148 (CECT5718), isolated from cultures of larvae of molluscs, produced substances 238-242 with strong antibiotic activity against Vibrio anguillarum (MIC 0.03-0.07 pg mL ). These substances were identified as the... 

CAS 1406-11-7. Generic term for a series of antibiotic substances produced by strains of Bacillus poly-myxa. Various polymyxins are differentiated by the letters A, B, C, D, and E. All are active against certain Gram-negative bacteria. Polymyxin B is most used. 

Nakajima, H., Hori, Y., Terano, H., et al. (1996). New antitumor substances, FR901463, FR901464 and FR901465 11. Activities against experimental tumors in mice and mechanism of action. J. Antibiot, 49, 1204. 

The search continues for the ideal beta-lactam antibiotic, and numerous esoteric substances have been isolated from natural sources or have been synthesised during the past 15 years. These include the penems, carbapen-ems, cephamycins, monobactams, etc. The penems are wholly synthetic and from a clinical viewpoint have not been successful, while more success has been obtained with the carbapenems, which include the natural product thienamycin (from Streptomyces cattleya) and the analogues imipenem and meropenem. These carbapenems have a remarkable spectrum of antibacterial activity with a very high activity against pseudomonads. Thienamycin is relatively unstable, but the addition of a formamidine group to produce... 

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