Antianemic factor

G37. Glass, G. B. J., Boyd, L. J., Rubinstein, M. A., and Svigals, C. S., Relationship of glandular mucoprotein from human gastric juice to Castle s intrinsic antianemic factor. Science 115, 101-108 (1952). 

M33. Meulengracht, E., Presence of the antianemic factor in preparations of dried stomach substance from the cardia, fundus and pylorus respectively. Acta Med. Scand. 82, 352-374 (1934). 

The isolation in the 1940s of the antianemic factor now known as folic acid and its subsequent synthesis resulted, after many false leads, in the first successful antivitamin antimetabolite aminopterin (Table 4-5). This compound produced sustained remissions in leukemia. The N10-methyl homolog, now designated as MTX (Table 4-5), superseded aminopterin the same year. It is still the only clinically significant antifolate carcinolytic drug. 

A dietary substance, now known to be vitamin B-12, which was formerly thought to interact with the intrinsic factor of the gastric secretion to produce the antianemic factor. 

These peptides are widely distributed in higher animals, plants, and microorganisms. They act as growth and antianemic factors, important physiological activities which led to their discovery. There is an excellent... 

Folic acid Spinach Practically identical with the L. casd factor Growth factor for L. casd and S. faecalis stimulates growth of rats and chickens, antianemic factor in chickens 1941 (421) > 2 o o... 

Vitamin Be conjugate Yeast Pteroylheptaglutamic acid Inactive for L. casd and S. faecalis antianemic factor in chickens liberates vitamin B, under conjugase action growth factor for Tetrahymena geleii W. 1945 (462) ... 

Here again there are conflicting reports. Tentatively, one may conclude that tryptophane may play a role in the treatment of pernicious anemia, yet by no means a major one. The evidence for the importance of histidine in the antianemic factor is even less convincing. 

Buchanan reported On January 9, 1929, after many years of speculation and four and one half years of work, I arrived at the point in my investigations where it seemed reasonable to believe that pernicious anemia was due to a yeast (6). He concluded that the active principle of liver extracts has apparently every chemical resemblance and physiological action of oxidized glutathione. Although Fleming (37) later declared that glutathione, mostly in oxidized form, enters into the composition of the antianemic factor, Koser in 1936 (72) denied the importance of glutathione in this respect. 

ATC A04A V03AB Use antianemic, growth factor, antidote... 

Castle s intrinsic factor a substance produced by the stomach which combines with the extrinsic factor (vitamin B12) in food to yield an antianemic principle, its lack is believed to cause pernicious anemia cation exchange capacity a measure of the capability of a substance or a (solid) material to bind cations in a reversible marmer CCP see CCPAES... 

The vitamin B complex contains a number of factors which are closely associated in their distribution in nature and have related functions in intermediate metabolism. Of the eleven factors which are available in pure form, five have been shown to be constituents of coenzymes, namely, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine, and pantothenic acid. It seems likely that other B vitamins may be found to function in a similar manner. Two members of the B complex, choline and inositol, appear to have lipotropic activity, and two others, folic acid and vitamin B12, have antianemic properties. Deficiency of vitamins of the B complex is one of the most frequently encountered syndromes of malnutrition in man. 

To this effect would be added the antianemic effect of the folic acid and citrovorum factor contained in the liver. Folic acid does not increase the absorption of vitamin B12 (page 183). The unlikelihood that it potentiates the hemopoietic effect of the vitamin is considered on page 183. 

An obvious objection to their conclusion is that if they divorce from the pernicious-anemia curing factor the ability to elicit a reticulocyte response, it is difficult to explain the reticulocyte increase which does occur in the treatment of pernicious anemia patients with such preparations as those to which they attribute only that factor. It is also doubtful whether a normal person can be used to test for any component of the antianemic principle. 

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