Anti- Cholera toxin

Due to the importance of cholera as an endemic scourge or infrequently as a pandemic in a number of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, the possibility to develop an immunosensor for this disease was examined with anti-cholera toxin (anti-CT) antibody. Indeed, rapid identification of cholera is essential for a healthy society... 

Fig. 18.2. Biosensor scheme describing the various steps involved in the immunoassay using ITO-poly(pyrrole-biotin)-coated optical fibers for the detection of anti-cholera toxin B subunit using the biotin-avidin immobilization technique.

Fig. 18.9. (A) Schematic presentation of biotinylated polypyrrole-ruthenium electrode in presence of an oxidative quencher and the resulting photocurrent response by switching the excitation light on and off. (B) Reduced photocurrent response and schematic presentation of the polypyrrole-ruthenium electrode after incubation in anti-cholera toxin solution.

Cholera toxin B subunit-biotin labeled (lyophilized powder, biotin content 0.9mol/mol protein), peroxidase-labeled IgG anti-rabbit antibody (HRP-Ab, from goat, protein content 0.8mg/ml, affinity isolated antibody), anti-cholera toxin (from rabbit, protein content 48mg/ml, purified toxin from Vibrio cholerae), biotin monoclonal anti-rabbit IgG -y-chain specific (from mouse, protein content 4.2mg/ml), glucose oxidase-biotinamidocaproyl labeled (GOX-B, from Aspergillus niger, lyophilized powder containing 40-70% protein, 137 U/mg), polyoxyeth-ylene-sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), bovine serum albumin (fraction... 

The immunosensors are incubated for 20 min with anti-cholera toxin... 

Escherichia coli heat-labile Anti-cholera toxin immuno- CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B 182... 

Buoyant silica bubbles were employed as capture substrates in a cholera SERS immunoassay (Schmit et al. 2012). Silica bubbles were silanized and then functionalized with an anti-cholera toxin antibody. Au NPs were used as SERS... 

Cholera toxin-induced diarrhoea 2. Increased AEA levels after administration of cholera toxin to mice, a model of diarrhoea, exert anti-secretory action in the small intestine 2. Inhibitors of cellular reuptake... 

Fig. 18.3. Schematic representation of the photoaffinity immobilization of the antibody cholera toxin (anti-CT). After irradiation of the photobiotin layered electrode in presence of the antibody, a covalent bond has been formed between the electrode and the antibody keeping its accessibility for immunoreactions with HRP-IgG anti-rabbit antibody.

Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a causative agent of food poisoning, was achieved by QDs conjugated with polyclonal sheep anti-SEB antibody.57 Moreover, this approach also harbors the possibility of a multiplexed immunoassay (see Fig. 12.3), which was first reported by Goldman et al.58 in 2004 four toxins of interest in food- or water-borne illnesses (cholera toxin, ricin,... 

Cocaine vaccine Cocaine The cocaine vaccine consists of a cocaine derivative conjugated to cholera toxin [86]. Following a series of vaccinations with the vaccine, subjects produce anti-cocaine antibodies. The hypothesis is that immunization of treatment-seeking patients vaccinated with this vaccine will stimulate the production of anti-cocaine antibodies. When subjects who are abstinent relapse and take cocaine, the anti-cocaine antibodies will sequester the cocaine in the blood, thereby preventing a rapid surge of cocaine into the brain. 

COLOR FIGURE 7.6 Western blot analysis of CT with display phage CT7. Cholera toxin and its subunits were separated by nonreducing SDS-PAGE and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. CT7 and anti-M13 HRP-tagged Ab were used to probe and develop the blot. The arrows indicate the single CT-B subunit (bottom arrow). CTA (middle arrow), and pentameric CT-B (top arrow). 

Anastassiou ED, Yamada H, Francis ML et al. Effects of cholera toxin on human B-cells. cholera toxin induces B-cell surface DR expression while it inhibits anti-mu antibody-induced cell proliferation. J Immunol 1990 145(8) 2375-2380. 

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