Anthracene-9 degradation

Wick et al. (2002) examined the physiological responses of anthracene-degrading Mycobacterium sp. LB501T to anthracene in batch... 

In a marine microcosm containing Narragansett Bay sediments, the polychaete Mediomastis ambesita and the bivalve Nucula anulata, benzo [a] anthracene degraded to carbon dioxide, phenols, and quinones (Hinga et al., 1980). 

Hinga, K.R. and Pilson, M.E.Q. Persistence of benz[a]anthracene degradation products in an enclosed marine ecosystem. Environ. Sci Technol, 21(7) 648-653, 1987. 

A summary of the outcomes in terms of the average anthracene degradation rate (in 38 h) and efficiency is presented in Fig. 10.15. The increase of viscosity led to higher degradation rates and in parallel, higher efficiencies. A similar effect was observed for experiments with Triton X-100. 

A pseudo first-order reaction with a half-life of 2 h was deduced for the photooxidation kinetics of anthracene in aqueous media under simulated solar radiation conditions [11]. Bertilsson and Anneli report that photochemical degradation of anthracene and phenanthrene in water proceeds rapidly (half-lives 1 and 20.4 h, respectively) while that of naphthalene (half-life > 100 h) does not [12], In the presence of humic substances, the anthracene degradation rate was unaffected while that of phenanthrene was slowed down considerably. Differences in the spectral absorbance of anthracene and... 

The effects of the main factors involved in the catalytic cycle of MnP on the degradation of anthracene were studied (Eibes et al. 2007). Figure 6.6.11 shows the degradation rate and efficiency, in terms of milligrams of anthracene degraded per unit of enzyme inactivated, for experiments at different H2O2 addition rate, malonate concentration and pH control. 

Fig. 6.6.13 Experimental data and fitted model (—) of anthracene degradation in batch experiments at different conditions of agitation speed and silicone oil volume 200rpm —...

Wu Y-R, Luo Z-H, Kwok-Kei Chow R, Vrijmoed LLP. Purification and characterization of an extracellular laccase from the anthracene-degrading fungus Fusarium solani MAS2. Bioresour Technol 2010 101 9772-9777. 

There has been a revival of interest in the role of mycobacteria in the degradation of polycyclic hydrocarbons including naphthalene (Kelley et al. 1990), phenanthrene (Guerin and Jones 1988), anthracene (van Herwijnen et al. 2003), and pyrene (Heitkamp et al. 1988 Grosser et al. 1991 ... 

Experiments using marine sediment slurries have examined the effect of pre-exposure to various aromatic hydrocarbons on the rate of subsequent degradation of the same, or other hydrocarbons. The results clearly illustrated the complexity of the selection process for example, whereas pre-exposure to benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, or phenanthrene... 

C]-anthracene was used to study its degradation in soil, and the formation of labeled metabolites that could be released only after alkaline hydrolysis (Richnow et al. 1998). It was possible to construct a carbon balance during the 599-d incubation, and to distinguish metabolically formed phthalate from indigenous phthalate in the soil. 

The degradation of these was described many years ago (Evans et al. 1965), and details have since been added (Figure 8.10a) (van Herwijnen et al. 2003). Phenanthrene is more readily degraded than anthracene, and both can be degraded to o-phthalate. After hssion of the peripheral ring in phenanthrene, several pathways have been demonstrated ... 

FIGURE 8.10 Degradation of (a) anthracene, (b,c) alternative pathways for phenanthrene. 

FIGURE 8.14 Pathways for partial degradation of benz[a] anthracene. (From Neilson, A.H. and Allard, A.-S. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer, 1998. With permission.)... 

Although a number of white-rot fungi have been examined and shown to degrade PAHs (Field et al. 1992), greatest attention has probably been directed to Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus, and to the PAHs anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene that will be used to illustrate the cardinal principles. A substantial fraction of PAHs may also be sorbed to the biomass—40% for phenanthrene and 22% for benzo[a]pyrene (Barclay et al. 1995). The degree of mineralization of PAHs by white-rot fungi may sometimes be quite low, for example, for Pleurotus ostreatus, yields were 3.0, 0.44, 0.19, and 0.19% for phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively (Bezalel et al. 1996a). 

Juhasz AL, ML Britz, GA Stanley (1997) Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[(3,/j]anthracene and coronene by Burkholderia cepacia. Water Sci Technol 36 45-51. 

Moody JD, JP Freeman, DR Doerge, CE Cemiglia (2001) Degradation of phenanthrene and anthracene by cell snspensions of Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 1476-1483. 

Benzothiophene is isoelectronic with naphthalene, dibenzothiophene with anthracene, and benzothiazole with quinoline, and this is reflected in their aerobic degradation that is initiated by dioxygenation. The diversity of pathways for the degradation of dibenzothiophene is illustrated by the following examples ... 

The addition of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa stain ATIO apparently reduced the extent of degradation by endogenous bacteria of benz[fl]anthracene and chrysene in a creosote-contaminated soil (Vinas et al. 2005). 

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