Anthocyanins, pharmacokinetics

Lietti, A. and Fomi, G., Studies on Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides. II. Aspects of anthocyanins pharmacokinetics in the rat, Arzneimittelforschung, 26, 832, 1976. 

Cao, G., Muccitelli, H.U., Sanchez-Moreno, C., and Prior, R.L., Anthocyanins are absorbed in glycated forms in elderly women a pharmacokinetic study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73, 920, 2001. Matsumoto, H., Inaba, H., Kishi, M., Tominaga, S., Hirayama, M., and Tsuda, T., Orally administered delphinidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside are directly absorbed in rats and humans and appear in the blood as the intact forms, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 1546, 2001. Netzel, M., Strass, G., Janssen, M., Bitsch, I., and Bitsch, R., Bioactive anthocyanins detected in human urine after ingestion of blackcurrant juice, J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol, 20, 89, 2001. 

Cao, G., Muccitelli, H.U. Sanchez-Moreno, C. Prior, R.L. 2001. Anthocyanins are absorbed in glycated forms in elderly women a pharmacokinetic study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73 920-926. 

Anthocyanin glucosides, however, are an exception for pharmacokinetic measurements, and low amounts of anthocyanin glucosides have been found in plasma and urine. " However, only very low levels have been measured in plasma, and the biological activity at these levels in likely to be low. It is also not clear whether proanthocyanidins are absorbed into plasma in an intact form. In rats, the procyanidin... 

Stoner GD, Sardo C, Apseloff G, et al. Pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and ellagic acid in healthy volunteers fed freeze-dried black raspberries daily for 7 days. JCIP. 2005 45 1153-1164. 

Pharmacokinetics. Recently, it has been shown that human urine of 87 volunteers after ingestion of a purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage contained peonidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside. Absorption of this compound into the bloodstream of rats and presence as an intact acylated form in their plasma has been demonstrated previously (Oki et al. 2006 and references therein). Urinary excretion of anthocyanins is usually low due to metabolization. 

Mertens-Talcott, S., Rios, J., Jilma-Stohlawetz, P., Pacheco-Palencia, L., Meibohm, B., Talcott, S., and Derendorf, H. 2008. Pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and antioxidant effects after the consumption of anthooyanin-rich acai juice and pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart) in human healthy volunteers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(17), 7796-7802. 

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