Anterior pituitary humans

Anterior pituitary hormones, Anterior pituitary-like hormones. Posterior pituitary hormones. Human growth hormone. 

In humans, the hypothalamic-derived protein and the hormone noncovalent complexes are packaged in neurosecretory granules, then migrate along axons at a rate of 1 4 mm/h until they reach the posterior pituitary where they are stored prior to release into the bloodstream by exocytosis (67). Considerable evidence suggests that posterior pituitary hormones function as neurotransmitters (68) vasopressin acts on the anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone [9002-60-2] (ACTH) (69) as well as on traditional target tissues such as kidneys. Both hormones promote other important central nervous system (CNS) effects (9,70). 

CYP3A5 mRNA identified by RT-PCR in human pituitary gland and localized by IHC to growth hormone containing cells of the anterior pituitary (Murray et al., 1995). 

Murray GI, Pritchard S, Melvin WT, Burke MD. 1995. Cytochrome P450 CYP3A5 in the human anterior pituitary gland. FEBS Lett 364 79-82. 

Human growth hormone (hGH, somatotrophin Figure 8.11) is a polypeptide hormone synthesized in the anterior pituitary. It promotes normal body growth and lactation and influences various aspects of cellular metabolism. 

ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES Human growth hormone (HGH)... 

Location of major endocrine glands in humans. The hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary, which regulates the hormonal secretions of the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads (ovary in the female and testis in the male). 

The primary glucocorticoid released in humans is cortisol (also known as hydrocortisone). Cortisol synthesis and secretion are under the control of specific hypothalamic and pituitary hormones.7,24 31 Corticotropinreleasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary. ACTH travels in the systemic circulation to reach the adrenal cortex, where it stimulates cortisol synthesis. Cortisol then travels in the bloodstream to various target tissues to exert a number of physiologic effects (see Physiologic Effects of Glucocorticoids, later). 

Thyrotropin is an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid to produce and synthesize thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroglobulin. Thyrotropin alpha is a commercially available analog of TSH that is used to help detection of metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma it is also known as recombinant human TSH (rhTSH). 

As much as higher concentrations of dopamine are required to stimulate striatal adenylate cyclase activity as compared to the affinity of the drug for the agonistic sites of the receptor, the sensitivity of the anterior pituitary adenylate cyclase to dopamine agonists in both human prolactinoma (26) and rat adenohypophysial homogenate (31) is lower than the potency of the compounds to inhibit prolactin secretion in intact cells (2). This variable loss of sensitivity upon cell homogeneization is a phenomenon frequently observed in other systems (32). 

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