Antabuse

Using appropriate conservation principles, derive an equation relating the moles of C10H20N2S4 to the moles of NaOH. What is the weight percent C10H20N2S4 in a sample of Antabuse if the H2SO4 produced from a 0.4613-g portion reacts with 34.85 mb of 0.02500 M NaOH ... 

Nickel carbonyl should be used in totally enclosed systems or under good local exhaust. Plants and laboratories where nickel carbonyl is used should make use of air-monitoring devices, alarms should be present in case of accidental leakage, and appropriate personal respiratory protective devices should be readily available for emergency uses. Monitoring of urinary nickel levels is useful to help determine the severity of exposure and identify appropriate treatment measures. Some large-scale users of nickel carbonyl maintain a supply of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, or Antabuse, a therapeutic agent, on hand for use in case of overexposure. 

Nocbin (Tokyo Tanabe) USA Antabuse (Wyeth-Ayerst)... 

Brugnone, E, Maranelli, G., Zotti, S., Zanella, I., De Paris, P., Caroldi, S., and Betta, A. (1992) Blood concentration of carbon disulfide in "normal" people and after antabuse treatment, British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49 658-663. 

Disulfiram is the generic name for Antabuse, a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. Disulfiram potentiates the toxic and carcinogenic effects of 1,2-dibromoethane in experimental animals. Presumably, this occurs by blocking conversion of the aldehyde metabolite as with acetaldehyde from ethanol. There is no evidence that similar effects occur in humans. Based on animal data, however, Ayerst Laboratories, producers of Antabuse (disulfiram), recommended the following in the package insert "Patients taking Antabuse tablets should not be exposed to ethylene dibromide or its vapors" (PDR 1991). 

As discussed in Section 2.6, chronic alcoholics receiving Antabuse (disulfiram) therapy are potentially more susceptible to toxic and neoplastic effects of 1,2-dibromoethane. It also follows that individuals with compromised liver or renal function or with asthma or other chronic respiratory diseases may have increased susceptibility to the toxic effects of 1,2-dibromoethane however, chemical-specific effects have not been identified. 

The symptoms are described as similar to those observed after application of disulfiram (Antabus), a drug used to discourage alcoholics from drinking. Typical symptoms include flashes, mydriasis, paraesthesia, tachycardia, and sweating, beside nausea and occasionally vomiting. This syndrome is brief in duration and will usually disappear after three to four hours, but may linger up to twenty-four hours. 

Disulfiram (Antabuse). Disnlfiram is the only medication specifically approved by the FDA as an aversion therapy for snbstance abnse, specifically alcohol abnse or dependence. Disnlfiram s mechanism of action is qnite simple it is an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, the major enzyme responsible for the metabolism. Inhibiting this enzyme resnlts in the accnmnlation of acetylaldehyde. Acetylaldehyde is primarily responsible for many of the nnmistakable symptoms of a hangover, and when it accnmnlates in the presence of disnlfiram, it produces a constellation of very nncomfortable physical symptoms. 

The final class of pharmacotherapy drugs alters the metabolism of certain target drugs, thereby causing a build up of toxic metabolic products that make a person feel extremely ill. The best known of these metabolism-modifiers is Antabuse (disulfiram), a drug primarily used to discourage people from drinking alcohol. 

Product Information, (1996), Antabuse (disulfiram), Wyeth-Ayerst Company Philadelphia, PA, Retrieved April 7, 2004 from http // www.aicohotmd.com/fam/medic/disutfiramfam.asp... 

Toxicology. Cyanamide is an irritant of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin it is an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase and can cause an antabuse effect with ethanol ingestion. 

Synonyms Antabuse bis(diethylthiocar-bamoyl) disulfide TETD tetraethylthiuram disulfide Thiuram E... 

Toxicology. Disulfiram affects the central nervous system, thyroid, and skin in combination with alcohol it causes an Antabuse-alcohol syndrome. 

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