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Aldehyde metabolite

Disulfiram is the generic name for Antabuse, a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. Disulfiram potentiates the toxic and carcinogenic effects of 1,2-dibromoethane in experimental animals. Presumably, this occurs by blocking conversion of the aldehyde metabolite as with acetaldehyde from ethanol. There is no evidence that similar effects occur in humans. Based on animal data, however, Ayerst Laboratories, producers of Antabuse (disulfiram), recommended the following in the package insert "Patients taking Antabuse tablets should not be exposed to ethylene dibromide or its vapors" (PDR 1991). [Pg.70]

It is known that the first aldehyde metabolite of alcohol, acetaldehyde, stimulates collagen transcription in vitro in hepatic fibroblasts and lipocytes [85,86], suggesting a link with alcoholic liver fibrosis in vivo. Chojkier et al. [84] have shown that the lipid-peroxidation product malondialdehyde also increases collagen production 2-3-fold in cultured foetal fibroblasts. The way in which... [Pg.371]

Witz G, Zhang Z, Goldstein BD. 1996. Reactive ring-opened aldehyde metabolites in benzene toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 104 (Suppl 6) 1195-1199. [Pg.423]

Proteins adjacent to peroxidizing phospholipids may undergo modification by the interaction of the free amino groups of the side-chains of the substituent lysine residues with a range of aldehydic metabolites of lipid hydroperoxide breakdown. [Pg.225]

Because of the rare and unpredictable nature of hepatobihary reactions to terbinafine, the mechanism of hepatotoxicity has been hypothesized to be either immunological or metabolically mediated. A potentially toxic reactive metabolite of terbinafine, 7,7-dimethylhept-2-ene-4-jmal (TBF-A), the A-dealkylation product of terbinafine, has been identified in vitro (43). The authors speculated that this allylic aldehyde metabolite, formed by hver enzymes and conjugated with glutathione, would be transported across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes and concentrated in the bile. The reactive monoglutathione conjugate could bind to hepatobiliary proteins and cause direct toxicity. Alternatively, it could modify canahcular proteins and lead to an immune-mediated reaction, causing cholestatic dysfunction. [Pg.3317]

In general, dealkylation of secondary amines is believed to occur before oxidative deamination. Some evidence indicate ., however, that this may not always be true. Direct deamination of the secondary amine also has occurred. For uampic. in addition to uncleigoing deamination through its dcsisopropyl primary amine metabolite, propranolol can undergo a direct oxidative deamination reaction (also by a-carbon hydroxylalion) to yield the aldehyde metabolite and Mpropylamine (Fig. 4-9). How much direct oxidative deamination contributes to the metabolism of. secondary amines remains unclear. [Pg.89]

Figure 4-9 Metabolism of propranolol to its aldehyde metabolite by direct deamination of the parent compound and by deamination of its primary amine metabolite, desisopropyl propranolol. Figure 4-9 Metabolism of propranolol to its aldehyde metabolite by direct deamination of the parent compound and by deamination of its primary amine metabolite, desisopropyl propranolol.
Many oxidative processes (e.g., benzylic, allylic, alicyclic, or aliphatic hydroxylation) generate alcohol or carbinol metabolites as intermediate products. If not conjugated, these alcohol products are further oxidized to aldehydes (if primary alcohols) or to ketones (if secondary alcohols). Aldehyde metabolites resulting from oxidation of primary alcohols or from oxidative deamination of primary aliphatic amines often undergo facile oxidation to generate polar carboxylic acid derivatives." As a general rale, primary alcoholic groups and aldehyde functionalities are quite vulnera-... [Pg.99]

Aldehyde metabolites resulting from oxidative deamination of drugs also undergo reduction to a minor extent. Rir example, in humans the j3-adrenergic blocker propranolol is converted to an intermediate aldehyde by N-dealkylation and oxidative deamination. Although the aldehyde is oxidized primarily to the corresponding carboxylic acid (naphthoxy-laciic acid), a small fraction also is reduced to the alcohol derivative (propranolol glycol). " ... [Pg.103]

Two major polar urinary metabolites of the hi.slamine H antagonist chlorpheniramine have been identified in dogs as the alcohol and carboxylic acid products (conjugated) derived, respectively, by reduction and oxidation of an aldehyde metabolite. The aldehyde precursor ruises from bis-N-dcmethylaiion and oxidative domination of chlorphenira mine. " ... [Pg.103]

Analogous pyrrolyl derivatives are also found as furan metabolites. Furans are oxidized by CYP to reactive furan-epoxides, which rearrange to ene-dial or ene-keto-aldehyde metabolites (Figure 33.20). After... [Pg.684]

Phosphorylated aldehydes (26), which are structurally related to aldo-phosphamide (14), the aldehyde metabolite of cyclophosphamide, are also substrates for aldehyde oxidase [ 168]. A good correlation was found between the ability of the compounds (26) to inhibit Nl-methylnicotinamide oxidation competitively in vitro (as a competitive substrate) and the in vivo potentiation of cyclophosphamide efficacy in mice. [Pg.104]

IV. Polyamines as Inhibitors of the Induction of iNOS Role of Oxidized Aldehyde Metabolites ... [Pg.127]

FIGURE 8.5 Mean plasma concentration-time curve for preclinical candidates and its three metabolites following single po dosing to rats. Line identification , parent , alcohol metabolite A, acid metabolite , aldehyde metabolite. [Pg.201]

FIGURE 8.6 MRM chromatograms of the preclinical candidate and three metabolites at optimum conditions with (A) the UPLC-MS/MS and (B) the HPLC-MS/MS. Relevant peak identification 1, parent 2, aldehyde metabolite 3, alcohol metabolite 4, acid metabolite 5, deuterated parent. [Pg.202]

For several other retinoids, actual spectral data have not been published, but characteristic fragmentation patterns have been reported. These compounds include three urinary metabolites of retinoic acid in which the chain is shortened and the cyclohexenyl ring is oxidized (Hanni et al., 1976 see Fig. 7b, Chapter 11), three fecal metabolites of retinoic acid (4-oxoretinoic acid and two hydrox-ylated metabolites, see Fig. 6, Chapter 11 Hanni and Bigler, 1977), several metabolites (Hanni et al., 1972 see Fig. 14, Chapter 11) and isomers (Englert et al., 1978) of etretinate, 3-hydroxyanhydroretinol, a metabolite of 3-hy-droxyretinol (Barua et al., 1979), and a 4-oxo-Ci9 aldehyde metabolite of retinoic acid (Rockley et al., 1980 see Fig, 8, Chapter 11). With the advent of HPLC and an increase in the sensitivity of mass spectrometry, this technique should continue to be of great usefulness for the identification of retinoid metabolites. [Pg.225]


See other pages where Aldehyde metabolite is mentioned: [Pg.241]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.324]    [Pg.384]    [Pg.400]    [Pg.187]    [Pg.229]    [Pg.268]    [Pg.1618]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.288]    [Pg.636]    [Pg.665]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.391]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.422]    [Pg.383]    [Pg.684]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.198]    [Pg.278]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.201 , Pg.202 ]




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