Anodic voltammetry

Budyina and Marinin [130] have described methods based on anodic voltammetry for the determination of lonol (2,6-di- -butyl-p-cresol) and quinol in polyester acrylates. To determine lonol the sample is dissolved in 25 ml of acetone and a portion (10 ml) is treated with 2.5 ml of acetone and 5 ml of methanol and diluted to 25 ml with a solution 0.1 M in lithium chloride and 0.02 M in sodium tetraborate. A polarogram is recorded with a graphite-rod indicator electrode. To determine quinol, the sample (1 to 3 g) is dissolved in 80 ml of methanol or methanohacetone (1 1) and the solution is diluted to 100 ml with the lithium chloride - sodium tetraborate solution. A polarogram is recorded under the same conditions. Concentrations are determined by the addition method. The values versus the SCE) are 0.25 V for lonol and 0.16 V for quinol. 

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Cresols, quinols Polyester acrylates Anodic voltammetry... 

T. Tao, T. Wasa and S. Mursha, The anodic voltammetry of desoxyribo-nucleid acid at a glassy carbon electrode, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 51 (1978) 1235-1236. 

A.M. Oliveira-Brett, J.A.P. Piedade and A.-M. Chiorcea, Anodic voltammetry and AFM imaging of picomoles of adriamycin adsorbed onto carbon surfaces, J. Electroanal. Chem., 538-539 (2002) 267-276. 

Yang studied the anodic voltammetry of dipyridamole at a glassy carbon electrode [59]. Portions of a standard dipyridamole solution were mixed with 10 mM hydrochloric acid for anodic voltammetry, using a glassy carbon working electrode and measurement of the anodic oxidation peak at 0.62 V (versus saturated calomel electrode). The calibration graph was linear from 0.5 to 10 mg/L of dipyridamole, and over 20 foreign species did not interfere. The method was directly applied to the analysis of dipyridamole in tablets and urine, with recoveries of 100.5-101.2% and a relative standard deviation of 1.5-2.2%. 

These suggestions are supported by the fact that nitromethane/ aluminium chloride1 can be used for anodic voltammetry of aromatic hydrocarbons (Bauer and Foucault, 1972) without any anomalies being found with respect to the scale of potentials as compared to more normal SSEs (Table 7). Also, acetonitrile/... 

Olson, C. and Adams, R.N. (1960) Carbon paste electrodes application to anodic voltammetry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 22, 582 - 589. 

Aleksandrova and Kletenik [49] proposed voltammetric method for the determination of chloride concentration in different water samples. They use renewable silver working electrode. Both direct anodic voltammetry and cathodic stripping voltammerty could be successfully used in 1 M sulfuric acid. In the case of cathodic stripping method, 3 min per electrolysis step was employed at —0.07 V to obtain silver chloride film at the electrode surface. 

Santos, W Lima, R, Tanaka, A. et al. (2009) Determination of nitrite in food samples by anodic voltammetry using a modified electrode. Food Chem., 113,1206-1211. 

VasiTeva et al described a method for the determination of lonol and 4,4 -isopropylidenediphenol in PVC by anodic voltammetry. The sample is dissolved in... 

In this chapter a generalized theory of the anodic voltammetry of a homogeneous A,B-alloy selective dissolution is developed taking into accormt the main peculiarities of the process. The diffusion problem of kinetically reversible dissolution at comparable rates of mass transfer in the liquid and solid phases is solved analytically. The conditions for the realization of purely liquid-phase and solid-phase diffusion transport in potentiodynamic alloy ionization are established. It is foimd that the higher ionic A concentration, lower scan rate and lower A concentration in an alloy contributes to the solid-phase diffusion regime of A dissolution. The effects of an equilibrimn solid phase adsorption of the components and electrode surface roughness with imiformly and statistically normal distribution of various... 

Anodic Voltammetry at Conductive Diamond Electrodes and Its Analytical Applications... 

Thus, besides its toxicity, mercury cannot be used at potentials more positive than -0.3 to +0.4 V versus the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) because of the ease with which Hg is oxidized. At relatively high anodic potentials, noble metal electrodes are also subject to a loss of activity as a result of surface oxide formation [T3] and adsorption of partially oxidized reactant molecules [4,5]. Glassy carbon (GC) is normally deactivated after a long-time exposure to electrolyte solutions, although many methods for its reactivation have been suggested (see ref. 6 and references therein). The use of carbon (or graphite) electrodes in the anodic voltammetry is also rendered difficult by interference from oxidation background currents that are not precisely reproducible. 

The present chapter aims at summarizing some of the main voltammetric applications of boron-doped diamond (BDD) films, deposited on Si(lOO) wafers by means of microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition [9]. In order to put these results into better perspective, the advantages of using BDD for anodic voltammetry are correlated with the unique properties of this electrode material. In addition, analytical applications of anodic voltammetry at conductive diamond electrodes are also discussed. 

Although diamond is known to have weak adsorption properties, in some cases during anodic voltammetry experiments, an important decrease in the electrode activity appears due to the deposition of adherent polymeric products on the surface. Furthermore, the electrode remains deactivated even after washing with organic solvents. However, the diamond surface can regain its initial activity by an anodic polarization in the potential... 

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