Annealing time effect

Figure 12 Effect of increasing aging or annealing time. on creep and stress...

Zannetti, R., Celotti, G. C., Fichera, A. and Francesconi, R. The structural effects of annealing time and temperature on the paracrystal-crystal transition in isotactic polypropylene. Makromol. Chemie 128, 137 (1969)... 

Crystallization processes generally need longer times. The effective dwell time of a particular point of the disk under the laser spot, as determined by the data rate, is about 100 ns. To use this time for heating more effectively, it was proposed first to widen the laser beam elliptically in track direction from 1 to 1—15 jam thus gaining a longer annealing time for crystallization, although this solution would only have allowed erasure of information in blocks (106). Intensive research work has led to alloys that crystallize within about 50 ns when heated by a laser (103). 

The low-temperature enhanced diffusion of B can be modeled by calculating an effective diffusivity that is then applied to the calculation of the B profile by using the PREDICT program (59). The duration of enhanced diffusion is related to the damage annealing time. Empirically, the removal... 

Reverse Time Effect of Diffusion. Michel (51) observed two new effects associated with the low-temperature annealing of B-implanted layers (1) an... 

The reverse time effect of diffusion was modeled by using equations 47-51. The 900 °C RTA step causes the damage anneal time, ta, to decrease relative to the 800 °C anneal. Thus, the duration of transient enhanced diffusion decreases as the RTA anneal time increases. Calculations using this model are shown in Figure 25. 

As ion implantation is employed to realise high performance devices in GaN, the redistribution of the implanted species during the implantation activation anneal must be considered. In this regard, Si shows limited redistribution even up to 1500°C, while Mg will redistribute at 1100°C and Zn will diffuse at higher temperatures. This suggests that the annealing time should be minimised for acceptor activation to reduce undesirable redistribution effects. 

The kinetics of the oxygen-induced restructuring process as well as the resulting surface phases depend on sample temperature, annealing time, gas pressure, and reduction state (i.e., age or color) of the crystal. These parameters have been investigated in detail by Li et al. [9,98,100-102]. For example. Fig. 12 shows the effect of annealing in 1x10- mbar O2 at various... 

Fig. 41. Effect of annealing time at 405 K on the uniaxial tensile stress-strain curves of PE...

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