Annales school

For a classic statement of the importance of understanding statistical trends in history, see II, Kuznets, 1951. Among French historians of the Annales school, Pierre Chaunu and Francois Furet have been persuasive advocates oi histoire serielle see II, Chaunu, 1970 II, Chaunu, 1973 and II, Furet, 1971. A quotation from Furet establishes the affinity between chemical indicators and his brand of histoire serielle ... 

Forster, 1978. Robert Forster. Achievements of the Annales School . Journal of Economic History 38 58 76. 

This study is an outgrowth of our interest in the history of modern chemistry. The paucity of reliable, quantitative knowledge about past science was brought home forcibly to us when we undertook a research seminar in the comparative history of modern chemistry in Britain, Germany, and the United States. That seminar, which took place at the University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1975, was paralleled by one devoted to the work of the Annales School . The two seminars together catalyzed the attempt to construct historical measures of change in aspects of one science, or chemical indicators . The present volume displays our results. 

Ana Carneiro and Natalie Pigeard. Alsatian Chemists in the Nineteenth Century-A Network or School Annals of Science. 54 (Nov. 1997), 533-546. 

Two Research Schools at the First Solvay Chemistry Conferences, 19221928," Annals of Science 46 (1989) ... 

Examples of other work on research schools M. Eckert, "Sommerfeld s School and the Electron Theory of Metals," HSPS 17 (1987) 191234 Gerald Geison, Michael Foster and the Cambridge School of Physiology The Scientific Enterprise in Late Victorian Society (Princeton Princeton University Press, 1978) L. J. Klosterman, "A Research School of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century Jean Baptiste Dumas and His Research Students," Annals of Science 43 (1985) 180 H. A. M. Snelders, "J. H. van t Hoffs Research School in Amsterdam (18771895)," Janus 71 (1984) 130 F. L. Holmes, "The Formation of the Munich School of Metabolism," in William Coleman and F. L. Holmes, eds., The Investigative Enterprise Studies on Nineteenth-Century Physiology and Medicine (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London University of California Press, 1988). 

A few weeks before the first Solvay chemistry conference in 1922, French chemists signed a letter declining to reestablish relations among chemists of Western and Central Europe. A copy of this letter, 3 April 22, is in the Donnan Papers, UCL. On the Solvay conferences, see M. J. Nye, "Chemical Explanation and Physical Dynamics Two Research Schools at the First Solvay Chemistry Conference, 19221928," Annals of Science 46 (1989) 461480. 

Klosterman, L. J. "A Research School of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century Jean-Baptiste Dumas and His Research Students." Annals of Science 43 (1985) 180. 

Nils Gabriel Sefstrbm, 1787-1845. Swedish physician, chemist, and metallurgist. Head teacher at the School of Mmes at Falun from 1822 to 1838, later adviser to the Mining Society in Stockholm, director of the Mineral Cabinet, Chemical Laboratory, and Library of the Royal Mining College, and editor of the Annals of the Corporation of Ironmasters See ref. (59)... 

How a chemical system at equilibrium changes when conditions change was first stated by Henri Louis Le Chatelier (1850-1936) in 1884. Le Chatelier was a professor at a mining school in France who worked on both the theoretical and practical aspects of chemistry. His research on the chemistry of cements led him to formulate a principle to predict how changing the pressure affected a chemical system. In the publication Annals of Mines in 1888, Le Chatelier stated the principle that bears his name Every change of one of the factors... 

Following Raffles initial publication of the English translation, the subsequent printing in the original Malay of this text hitherto known only to scholars was also under British auspices. Munshi Abdullah, the Malay tutor of British missionaries, edited the text which was published by the Singapore Institution in 1842. As Malay schooling was subsequently developed in British-ruled and British-protected areas on the Peninsula, the Malay Annals were frequently reprinted for use in schools. 

Davis, J. L. (1995). The research school of Marie Curie in the Paris faculty, 1907-1914. Annals of Science 52 321-355. 

Lundgreen, Peter (1990), Engineering education in Europe and the USA, 1750-1930 the rise to dominance of school culture and the engineering professions. Annals of Science 47, 33-75. 

Nye, M. J. 1989. Chemical explanation and physical dynamics two research schools at the first Solvay chemistry conferences, 1922-1928. Annals of Science 46 461-480. 

Costa, R. A., K. L. Nutall, J. B. Schaffer, et al. 1997. Suspected Case of Lead Poisoning in a Public School. Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science 27 413-417. 

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