Animals reproductive toxicology

Another consensus recommendation was that, when possible, methods to assess DIT should be included in existing developmental and reproductive toxicology protocols.1719,30 The feasibility of this approach has been previously demonstrated in studies described by a number of investigators.34 35 36 While it could be argued that DIT methods could also be integrated into the EPA Developmental Neurotoxicity Protocol (OPPTS 870-630037) the consensus was that this approach would not be technically feasible due to the large number of animals already required to conduct that study.7,19,30... 

Heywood, R. and James, R.W. (1985). Current laboratory approaches for assessing male reproductive toxicity Testicular toxicity in laboratory animals. In Reproductive Toxicology (Dixon, R.L., Ed.). Raven Press, New York, pp. 147-160. 

Working, P.K. (1988). Male reproductive toxicology Comparison of the human to animal... 

Before reproductive toxicology studies are begun, the pharmacokinetic properties and indices of a compound in animals should be available. The distribution of the compound should be described adequately to permit the assessment of risk to the gonads and... 

Safety assessment scientists and technicians and even QA personnel sometimes overlook the importance of environmental control equipment to valid study results. Animals stressed by extremes of temperature or humidity may 5ueld spurious data reproductive toxicology studies may be compromised by malfunctioning timers for the control of light/ dark cycles inadequate air filtration may expose experimental animals to environmental contaminants that confound experimental results. 

Reproductive Toxicity. No reproductive toxicological studies were located in the surveyed literature for HDI. Only a few animal studies examined the reproductive organs of both male and female animals, with no gross or histologieal results evident (Mobay Corporation 1984, 1988, 1989) none of the human studies of acute, intermediate, or ehronie durations directly addressed the issue of reproductive toxieity. The majority of studies used male humans and animals, presumably because hmnan males are presently the predominant sex in the automotive painting industry and, therefore, more likely to be exposed to HDI. 

Greenwald GS (1987) Possible animal models of follicular development relevant to reproductive toxicology. Reprod Toxicol, 1 55-59. 

Previous reproductive toxicology studies in laboratory animals examining the effects of prenatal exposure to fumonisin demonstrated a potential risk to the developing fetus. Studies using an aqueous extract of contaminated maize-culture material of F. verticillioides reported that fumonisin was developmentally toxic in hamsters (Floss et al., 1994 Penner et al., 1998). In addition, purified fumonisin Bi was shown experimentally to cause fetal toxicity in rats and mice (Collins et al., 1998 Reddy et al., 1996). In another study, pregnant CD1 mice treated with a semipurified extract... 

Meyer JK, Fitzsimmons D, Hastings TF, Chellman GJ. Methods for the prediction of breeding success in male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) used for reproductive toxicology studies. J Am Associ Lab Animal Sci 2006 45 31-6. 

The survival of all species depends on the integrity of its reproductive system. Reproductive toxicology may be defined as the study of the effects of physical and chemical agents on the reproductive and neuroendocrine systems of adult males and females, as well as those of the embryo, fetus, neonate, and prepubertal animal. This chapter focuses primarily on the potential sites of toxic insult in the reproductive systems of adult mammals, the biochemical mechanisms of such toxicants, and the manifestations that may result. The latter part of the above definition is a subspecialty of developmental toxicology (Chapter 34) and is discussed only in brief. 

Ellington, J.E., Wilker, C.E. (2006). Reproductive toxicology of the male companion animal. In Small Animal Toxicology (M.E. Peterson, P.A. Talcott, eds), pp. 500-18. Saunders-Elsevier, St Louis, MO. 

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