Animals phosphatidylglycerol

Five kinds of phospholipid predominate phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-serine, phosphatidylglycerols, and sphingomyelin. Usually there are also small amounts of phosphatidyli-nositol. The major phospholipid in animal cells is phosphatidylcholine, but in bacteria it is phosphatidylethanolamine. The phospholipids of E. coli consist of 80% phosphatidylethanolamine, 15% phosphati-dylglycerol, and 5% diphosphatidylglycerol (cardio-lipin). Significant amounts of cardiolipin are found only in bacteria and in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Sphingomyelin is almost absent from mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or nuclear membranes. 

The surfactant replacement therapy treatment used may be either natural or artificial. Natural surfactants are derived from bovine or porcine animal lungs or human amniotic fluid. Synthetic or artificial surfactants are composed of DPPC and spreading agents such as unsaturated phosphatidylglycerol or tyloxapol and hexadecanol. ... 

FIGURE 11-2 Lipid composition of the plasma membrane and organelle membranes of a rat hepatocyte. The functional specialization of each membrane type is reflected in its unique lipid composition. Cholesterol is prominent in plasma membranes but barely detectable in mitochondrial membranes. Cardiolipin is a major component of the inner mitochondrial membrane but not of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol are relatively minor components (yellow) of most membranes but serve critical functions phosphatidylinositol and its derivatives, for example, are important in signal transductions triggered by hormones. Sphingolipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine are present in most membranes, but in varying proportions. Clycolipids, which are major components of the chloroplast membranes of plants, are virtually absent from animal cells. 

Fig. 1. Phospholipid biosynthetic pathways in animal cells. The abbreviations are DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate G-3-P, glycerol-3-phosphate PA, phosphatidic acid DG, diacylglycerol CDP-DG, cytidine diphosphodiacylglycerol PI, phosphatidylinositol PG, phosphatidylglycerol PG-P, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate DPG, diphosphatidylglycerol PP, phosphatidic acid phosphatase PE, phosphatidylethanolamine PC phosphatidylcholine PEMT, phosphatidylethanolamine A-methyltransferase CT, CTP phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase PS, phosphatidylserine CK/EK, choline/ethanolamine kinase CPT, CDP-choline 1,...

A remarkable homogeneity was noted for maize and spinach proteins, studl in this work and for castor bean protein. Isolated by Yamada s group (Table) a value close to 9 kDa was found for the three proteins. Another common feature is the isoelectric point which is hig varying from 8.8 to 10.5 basic PLTP are also present In animal cells However, acidic PLTP have been also ound in one plant tissue (castor bean) and in various animal sources. Ml the basic PLTP from plants are non specific towards phospholipids . The three proteins are able to transfer phosphatidylcholine, phosphatldyllnosltol and phosphatidyl-ethanolamlne in addition, spinach and castor bean proteins transfer respectively phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatldlc acid. 

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