Animal models overview

In this article, we have presented an overview of the development and pharmacology of the different classes of PAF antagonists. These compounds counteract diverse pathologies in various animal models and are now undergoing clinical investigation in human disease, where the initial results seem en-... 

The third part. Developmental Psychopathology, delves into detailed disease-specific overviews. Each of the chapters covers issues pertaining to nosology and classification, to genetic determinants, brain systems implicated, environmental influences, and nature-nurture interactions. Neurotransmission and neuromodulation, and hormonal and other developmental influences are addressed and, whenever available, relevant animal models are incorporated into the discussion. The interplay of normative and derailed development is a core concept for these chapters. Of the part s 12 chapters, 9 are devoted to traditionally defined disease categories, and 3 cover the overarching areas of early-life stress, aggression, and affiliative behaviors. 

This brief overview highlights some of the more promising peptide-based relationships to the anxiety disorders from the more than 50 neuropeptides identified. Investigations into the role of peptides in human states of anxiety have included localization, animal modeling, postmortem receptor assays. 

Simon G, Maibach H. The pig as an experimental animal model of percutaneous permeation in man qualitative and quantitative observations—an overview. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2000 13 229-234. 

Helm, R.M. 2002. Food allergy animal models An overview. Ann NY Acad Sci 964 139-150. 

There has been explosive growth in the number of disease models in recent decades, especially in the field of the knockouts and transgenic rodents. A description of the most frequently used models alone would take a separate volume, and even that would be outdated within no time. Information on the selection of models and background data can easily be found on the Internet. The US National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) provides overviews and links [12], In addition the main providers of laboratory animals have very useful information on their Web sites. Readers looking for overviews on animal models per disease may find useful information in the Drug Discovery Today Disease Models review journal (http //www.drugdiscoverytoday.com). 

Hoffmann JC, Pawlowski NN, Kuhl AA, Hohne W, Zeitz M. Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease an overview. Pathobiology 2002-2003 70 121-30. 

A number of excellent review articles exist, including several that explain MR spectroscopy and detail the impact of MR spectroscopy in drug design and in preclinical studies, and others that provide overviews of human in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetics measured by 19F MR in fluoropyrimidine compounds as well as in psychotropic compounds [1, 3-5, 7-10, 59, 60-63], In keeping with other facets of drug development, the number of 19F MR clinical investigations is much smaller than the number of animal model, specimen, cell line, or solution experiments. 

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