Aniline COMPOUND INDEX

Some halo-substituted anilines are of limited thermal stability, tending to eliminate hydrogen halide which may catalyse further decomposition. To avoid decomposition during distillation, this should be conducted in the presence of solid alkali or magnesium oxide at minimum temperature (under relatively high vacuum) and/or with exclusion of air by inert gas. Individually indexed compounds are 4-Bromoaniline, 2296... 

Many of the reactions of A-chloro- and A-bromo-imides are extremely violent or explosive. Those observed include A-chlorosuccinimide with aliphatic alcohols or benzylamine or hydrazine hydrate A-bromosuccimmidc with aniline, diallyl sulfide, or hydrazine hydrate or 3-nitro-A-bromophthalimide with tetrahydrofur-furyl alcohol l,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidindione with xylene (violent explosion). Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Multiple Melting Points A compound may have different crystal structures (i.e., solid phases). For example, carbon tetrachloride has three known solid phases at atmospheric pressure la (face-centered cubic), lb (rhombohedral), and II (monoclinic). Ia and lb melt at temperatures some 5K apart [3]. Multiple melting points have been reported for a large set of compounds, such as many of those listed in the Merck Index [4], Dearden and Rahman improved a structure-melting point correlation for substituted anilines by excluding two outliers on the ground that their Tm values were inadequate, due to different crystalline forms [5]. 

Note Problems 2.5 to 2.8 can be taken together as an exercise in the calculation of a preliminary material balance for the manufacture of aniline by the process described in detail in Appendix F, Problem F.8. Structures for the compounds in problems 2.9 and 2.10 can be found in the Merck Index, but are not required to solve the problems. 

An indication of naphtha composition may also be obtained from the determination of aniline point (ASTM D-1012, IP 2), freezing point (ASTM D-852, ASTM D-1015, ASTM D-1493) (Fig. 4.2), cloud point (ASTM D-2500) (Fig. 4.3), and solidification point (ASTM D-1493). And, although refinery treatment should ensure no alkalinity and acidity (ASTM D-847, ASTM D-1093, ASTM D-1613, ASTM D-2896, IP 1) and no olefins present, the relevant tests using bromine number (ASTM D-875, ASTM D-1159, IP 130), bromine index (ASTM D-2710), and flame ionization absorption (ASTM D-1319, IP 156) are necessary to ensure low levels (at the maximum) of hydrogen sulfide (ASTM D-853) as well as the sulfur compounds in general (ASTM D-130, ASTM D-849, ASTM D-1266, ASTM D-2324, ASTM D-3120, ASTM D-4045, ASTM D-6212, IP 107, IP 154) and especially corrosive sulfur compounds such as are determined by the Doctor test method (ASTM D-4952, IP 30). 

Cross-references are inserted in the index for many common names and for some systematic names. Trademark names appear in the index. Names that are incorrect, misleading, or ambiguous are avoided. Formulas are given very frequendy in the text to help in identifying compounds. The spelling and form used, even for industrial names, follow American chemical usage, but not always the usage of Chemical Abstracts (eg, coniine is used instead of (S)-2-propylpiperidine, aniline instead of benzenamine, and acrylic acid instead of 2-propenoic acid). 

Segment 1 denotes that a specific structure has been claimed in a patent in isolation, or as one of a very small group of specific compounds. Derwent is using Segment 1 as an efficiency factor in indexing, and in presentation to the user. For example, if there are 1,000 patents on production of aniline, the user would only wish to see one graphic aniline record, along with any representations of aniline as a possibility of a Markush. 

Parthaserathi et al. [238] have used the group philicity index to estimate the pK s of several phosphoric acid esters and related compounds They included the calculations in a group with anilines and alcohols, but the numerical results for the phosphoric acids appear generally good Moser, Range, and York [301] have calculated gas-phase proton affinities and basicities for a large collection of acyclic and cyclic phosphates. 

One of the advantages of GC-MS over an IR spectroscopic analyzer is the ability to measure distillation characteristics as well as predict other properties. There are several other materials that can be directly measured and reported. These include benzene, total aromatics, oxygenates, certain sulfur compounds and additives. The properties that can be predicted include (among others) cetane number and index, research and motor octanes, refractive index, distillation properties, aniline point, cloud point, pour point, volatility, flash point, density, conductivity, and viscosity [57]. 

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