Aniline carcinogenicity

Leo A, Panthananickal A, Hansch C, Theiss J, Shimkin M, Andrews AW. A comparison of mutagenic and carcinogenic activities of aniline mustards. J Med Chem 1981 24 859-64. 

The glucuronidation of bifirubin is discussed in Chapter 32 the reactions whereby xenobiotics are glu-curonidated are essentially similar. UDP-glucuronic acid is the glucuronyl donor, and a variety of glu-curonosyltransferases, present in both the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol, are the catalysts. Molecules such as 2-acetylaminofluorene (a carcinogen), aniline, benzoic acid, meprobamate (a tranquilizer), phenol, and... 

Carcinogenic agents include chemicals in the environment, such as aniline and benzene, which are associated with the development of bladder cancer and leukemia, respectively. Environmental factors, such as excessive sun exposure, also may result in cancer. Viruses, including the human papilloma virus and hepatitis B, maybe associated with the development of cancer. Some of the chemotherapy agents cause secondary cancers after therapy has been completed. Numerous factors may contribute to the development of cancer. 

The National Cancer Institute conducted a bioassay of aniline hydrochloride for possible carcinogenicity using F344 rats and B6C3I mice (NCI 1978). Aniline hydrochloride was administered in the feed to groups of approximately... 

On the basis of induction of tumors of the spleen and the body cavity in two studies with rats, U.S. EPA (1994) in their IRIS document classified aniline as B2, a probable human carcinogen. Evidence is inadequate in humans and... 

NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of aniline hydrochloride for possible carcinogenicity. CAS No. 142-04-1. NCI-CG-TR-130, PB 287 539. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. 

No inhalation slope factor is available for aniline, and the available inhalation studies did not examine the endpoint of carcinogenicity. Based on the chronic oral administration of aniline hydrochloride to CD-F rats (CUT 1982), U.S. EPA in its Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS) has estimated an oral slope factor of 5.7x1 OP Vrng/kg/d (U.S. EPA 1994). In that study, spleen tumor incidences in rats administered 0, 200, 600, or 2,000 ppm in the diet were 0/64, 0/90, 1/90, and 31/90, respectively. Aniline also has genotoxic action. 

The NCI (1978) bioassay, which demonstrated carcinogenicity in two species, provides sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in animals. Biotransformation products of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine include aniline and benzidine, which are known carcinogens in animals (both chemicals) and humans (benzidine) (ERA 1988b,c). Based on the animal evidence for carcinogenicity from the NCI (1978) bioassay and the carcinogenicity of its metabolites,... 

EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimates for carcinogenicity for aniline. Online. (Verification date 9/7/88). US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH. 

Aniline hydrochloride was not carcinogenic to mice when administered orally. In one experiment it produced fibrosarcomas, sarcomas, and hemangiosarcomas of the spleen and body cavities in rats fed diets containing 3000 or 6000mg/kg for 103 weeks. 

The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for aniline is 2 ppm (7.6mg/m ) with a notation for skin absorption and an A3 animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans designation. 

Limited information is available on the metabolism of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. Two of the known metabolites, aniline and benzidine, may contribute to the toxicity and/or carcinogenicity of the substance. 

The carcinogenicity of some of the reactants, intermediates and end-products present in the previous cohort has been evaluated by lARC. Aniline is not known to induce bladder cancer in humans or animals (lARC, 1987d). 

Various halogenated and nitrated aniline derivatives are used in the manufacture of dyestuffs and carbamate and urea based pesticides. Many of these compounds are suspected to be carcinogenic. 

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