Anhydride-amine grafting reaction

De Roover studied the effect of the RGC of maleic anhydride (MA) grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) on the average size of the PP phases dispersed in nylon 6. The size decreased rapidly with increasing RGC of PP and then levels off. Because the reaction of maleic anhydride with the amine end-groups of nylon 6 was close to completion, a direct relationship between the average size of the dispersed PP phases and the extent of the grafting reaction was proposed by this author [98]. 

Poly(phenylene oxide)s undergo many substitution reactions (25). Reactions involving the aromatic rings and the methyl groups of DMPPO include bromination (26), displacement of the resultant bromine with phosphoms or amines (27), lithiation (28), and maleic anhydride grafting (29). Additional reactions at the open 3-position on the ring include nitration, alkylation (30), and amidation with isocyanates (31). 

Table 5.10. Graft copolymer formation in binary PA/PO blends by amine + anhydride reaction...

Dharmarajan et al. [1995] have compatibilized PP/styrene copolymer by formation of a graft copolymer through reaction of secondary amine-terminated PP (0.4 wt% amine) with SMA. The secondary amine-terminated PP was prepared by first extruding PP with MA to form anhydride-terminated PP followed by extrusion with N-methyl-... 

In another approach, a small amount of maleic anhydride was copolymerized with styrene and acrylonitrile during the preparation of ABS by emulsion polymerization. The anhydride modified ABS was then melt blended with polyamide to form a compatibilized ABS/PA blend [Laven-good et al., 1986, 1987 Howe and Wolkowicz, 1987]. Obviously, a reaction between the anhydride functionality of ABS and the amine end group of polyamide leads to an in situ graft copolymer responsible for compatibilizing this blend. Monsanto s ABS/PA blends (Triax 1000... 

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