Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors congestive heart failure

In addition, a vasodilator in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor has been used in congestive heart failure. The vasodilators may be classified as venodilators, arterial dilators, or balanced-type vasodilators. 

Parenteral 40, 80, 160 mg/mL for IV injection 80, 160, 320 mg/dL in 5% dextrose for IV infusion Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Labeled for Use in Congestive Heart Failure Captopril (generic, Capoten)... 

ACE inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used for hypertension and congestive heart failure. 

NSAIDs should be avoided in patients with chronic renal insufficiency due to the risk of inducing further kidney damage. In patients at risk, acute renal feilure can occur after a single dose of drug. Risk fectors include dehydration, hypertension, congestive heart failure, concomitant use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and advanced age. 

Further complicating this issue is the fact that the relative therapeutic benefit of treatments such as thrombolytic therapy, hypocholesterolemic ther-apy, postmyocardial infarction [3-locker treatment, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in congestive heart failure in patients over the age of 75 is similar to that seen in younger patients. Unfortunately, these data create a dilemma in that dramatic therapeutic advances have been made for many illnesses that afflict the elderly, yet administration of multiple medications increases the likelihood of adverse drug events. 

Massie BM, Berk MR, Brozena SC, et al. Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin, and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Results of the Flosequinan-ACE Inhibitor Trial (FACET). Circulation 1993 88 492-501. 

McNamara DM, Holubkov R, Postava L et al (2004) Pharmacogenetic interactions between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy and the angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion polymorphism in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 44 2019-2026... 

Nawarskas JJ, Spinier SA. Does aspirin interfere with therapeutic efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension or congestive heart failure Pharmacotherapy 1998 18 1041-1052. 

Aumegeat V, Lamblin N, de Groote P, et al. Aspirin does not adversely affect survival in patients with stable congestive heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Chest 2003 124 1250-1258. 

Elisaf M, Theodorou J, Pappas C, Siamopoulos K. Successful treatment of hyponatremia with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiology 1995 86 477 80. 

Following the introduction of captopril (48), an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE), many proline-containing analogues have been prepared for treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure). One of the most active derivatives is... 

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are effective in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. ACE inhibitors also prevent bra-dykinin metabolism and, as a result, may produce the side effect of cough and angioedema. Many of the known ACE inhibitors were developed without the aid of computational chemistry techniques. However, a number of studies have used computational methods to design mimics of other nonpeptidic ACE inhibitors. 

The MADIT II trial addressed some of the issues raised by the MADIT. The MADIT II trial evaluated patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (history of myocardial infarction > 1 month before entry). New York Heart Association Functional Class I-III congestive heart failure, and left ventricular ejection fraction < 0.30 (documented within 3 months), with or without ventricular ectopy. The study enrolled 1,232 patients to assess if an ICD improve total mortality compared to optimal therapy alone. No Holter or electrophysiology test criteria were required for enrollment. Optimal medical therapy included angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and lipidlowering statin drugs (172). 

Lisinopril [76547-98-3], angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (for use as antihypertensive and in congestive heart failure), 149. Phosgenation is employed to activate N -(trifluoroacetyl)-L-lysine 146 as N -carboxy anhydride 147, a key intermediate in the acylation of L-proline [114, 115]. Alternative processes have also been described [116-119]. 

Inhibitors of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE-inhibitors) have been introduced into cardiovascular medicine, in particular for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHE). 

Enalapril maleate is an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, it lowers peripheral vascular resistance without causing an increase in heart rate. The maleate salt (enalapril) allows better absorption after oral administration. It is an ideal drug for hypertensive patients who are intolerant to beta-blocker therapy. It also shows promise in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Following oral adminishation, enalapril is rapidly absorbed and hydrolysed to... 

Drug Class Angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors Suffix -pril Common Examples Captopril, enalapril Primary Indication or Desired Effect (Chapter in Parentheses) Antihypertensive [21], congestive heart failure [24]... 

One of the most successful drugs of recent years is captopril [l-(3-mercapto-2-(S)-methyl-l-oxopropyl)-(S)-proIine] [6]. It is an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and is widely used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. The stereochemical purity of captopril was investigated after esterification and acylation by enantio-selective gas chromatography using a XE-60-L-val-(S)-a-phenylethyI-amide column (43). 

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