Anesthetics Angel dust"

This compound (also known as Sernyl, Phencyclidine, angel dust and 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine) has been used as an animal tranquilizer and as a general anesthetic for human surgery. Clinical tests have shown that it has a strong tendency to produce bummers, even in people who dig other psychedelics, but under appropriate conditions some subjects like it. It produces no visual effects, a tendency to fear and anxiety, and could not easily be confused with any other psychedelics. The trip is short (about two hours) at least with low doses (about 10 mg). PCP is probably a waste of time. 

Recent studies suggest all N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists cause brain damage to the portions of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions like memory and speech. These are the areas most affected by dissociative anesthetics and include ketamine, dextromethorphan (DXM), phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust), nitrous oxide (whippets), and dizocilpine (MK-801). 

Phencyclidine (PCP) was developed in the 1950s as an intravenous anesthetic used for surgical procedures. It has been used in veterinary but it then spread to the illicit drug market. PCP is currently known by more than thirty names such as angel dust, zoom, crystal cyclone, and peace. In its pure form PCP is a white crystalline powder that readily dissolves in water. It can be inhaled, smoked, injected, or chewed [22],... 

Ketamine, more commonly known on the street as Special K and to the scientist as ketamine hydrochloride, is a unique drug with a combination of pharmacological effects. Although it is primarily used by veterinarians as an animal tranquilizer, it is available for limited uses in humans. Chemically, it is similar to phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust), a Schedule II drug that was the first of a new class of general anesthetics called dissociative anesthetics. As the name implies, dissociative anesthetics produce in patients a feeling of detachment and disconnection from pain and the environment. 

Phencyclidine is an anesthetic, analgesic, hallucinogenic drug which was widely abused in the 1970 s. As a street drug it was known as "peace pill", "crystal", "hog" and most commonly "PCP" or "angel dust" [161]. It is often used in combination with other illicit drugs and may be smoked, inhaled, snorted, or taken by injection. The abuse of phencyclidine has been associated with respiratory depression, convulsions, hyperpyrexia, hypertensive crisis and schizoid psychoses. 

Finally, a fourth class of hallucinogens includes phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust ) and the related compound ketamine. These are often referred to as the dissociative anesthetics because of their ability to produce surgical anesthesia while the individual remains at least semiconscious. Dissociative anesthetics arc thought to act through a receptor that influences activity of the excitatory amino acid ncurotransmittcr, glutamate (Balazs, Bridges, Cotman, 2006). 

Ketamine is a potent analgesic-anesthetic that is also effective intramuscularly. One particular property, production of cardiovascular stimulation, is of special advantage in elderly patients and those in shock (e.g., from bums). However, its propensity to precipitate hallucinations, delirium, disorientation, and other perceptual illusions postoperatively in about 12% of patients has led to its infrequent use in the United States. Ketamine s close structural analogy to the notorious and dangerous hallucinogen, phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust ), should be noted. This drug, which was first also introduced as an... 

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