ANES

C2H5NsOa. M.p. 118"C. Previously used as a precursor for the production of diazomelh-ane by treatment with 40% aqueous potas-... 

Application of 150 MPa pressure increases the interfacial tension for w-hex-ane-water from 50.5 to 53.0 mN/m at 25°C. Calculate AV. What is AV for that area corresponding to a molecular size (take a representative molecular area to be 20 A ) Convert this to cm /cm mol. 

The simpler nitrop>arafIins (nitromethane, nitroethane, 1- and 2-nitroproj)ane) are now cheap commercial products. They are obtained by the vapour phase nitration of the hydrocarbons a gaseous mixture of two mols of hydrocarbon and 1 mol of nitric acid vapour is passed through a narrow reaction tube at 420-476°. Thus with methane at 476° a 13 per cent, conversion into nitro methane is obtained ethane at 420° gives a 9 1 mixture of nitroethane (b.p. 114°) and nitromethane (b.p. 102°) propane at 420° afifords a 21 per cent, yield of a complex mixture of 1- (b.p. 130-6°) and 2-nitropropane (b.p. 120°), nitroethane and nitromethane, which are separated by fractional distillation. 

The lUPAC rules assign names to unbranched alkanes as shown m Table 2 2 Methane ethane propane and butane are retained for CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH3 respectively Thereafter the number of carbon atoms m the chain is specified by a Latin or Greek prefix preceding the suffix ane which identifies the com pound as a member of the alkane family Notice that the prefix n is not part of the lUPAC system The lUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2CH3 is butane not n butane... 

An alkyl group lacks one of the hydrogens of an alkane A methyl group (CH3 —) is an alkyl group derived from methane (CH4) Unbranched alkyl groups m which the point of attachment is at the end of the chain are named m lUPAC nomenclature by replac mg the ane endings of Table 2 2 by yl... 

Assign a basis name according to the number of carbons in the corresponding unbranched alkane Drop the ending -ane and replace it by -y/... 

We give alkenes lUPAC names by replacing the ane ending of the corresponding alkane with ene The two simplest alkenes are ethene and propene Both are also well known by their common names ethylene and propylene... 

In naming alkynes the usual lUPAC rules for hydrocarbons are followed and the suffix ane is replaced by yne Both acetylene and ethyne are acceptable lUPAC names for HC=CH The position of the triple bond along the chain is specified by number m a manner analogous to alkene nomenclature... 

Alkadienes are named according to the lUPAC rules by replacing the ane ending of an alkane with adiene and locating the position of each double bond by number Compounds with three carbon-carbon double bonds are called alkatrienes and named accordingly those with four double bonds are alkatetraenes and so on... 

Alkanes. The saturated open-chain (acyclic) hydrocarbons (C H2 +2) have names ending in -ane. The first four members have the trivial names methane (CH4), ethane (CH3CH3 or C2H5), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4Hjo). For the remainder of the alkanes, the first portion of the name... 

Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched alkanes by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by adding -yl in place of -ane to the stem name. Thus the alkane... 

Bivalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched alkanes by removal of two hydrogen atoms are named as follows (1) If both free bonds are on the same carbon atom, the ending -ane of the hydrocarbon is replaced with -ylidene. However, for the first member of the alkanes it is methylene... 

Trivalent groups derived by the removal of three hydrogen atoms from the same carbon are named by replacing the ending -ane of the parent hydrocarbon with -ylidyne. 

Volatile hydrides, except those of Periodic Group VII and of oxygen and nitrogen, are named by citing the root name of the element (penultimate consonant and Latin affixes. Sec. 3.1.2.2) followed by the suffix -ane. Exceptions are water, ammonia, hydrazine, phosphine, arsine, stibine, and bismuthine. 

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