And interferometry

The importance of the thin film between the mineral particle and the air bubble has been discussed in a review by Pugh and Manev [74]. In this paper, modem studies of thin films via SFA and interferometry are discussed. These film effects come into play in the stability of foams and froths. Johansson and Pugh have studied the stability of a froth with particles. Small (30-/ m), moderately hydrophobic 6c = 65°) quartz particles stabilized a froth, while more hydrophobic particles destabilized it and larger particles had less influence [75]. 

Fig. 8. (ii) Geometry and interferometry in the SFA. The distance between the surfaces is determined from the wavelengths of FECO. (a) The PECO fringes when the surfaces are in contact. The separation profile, D versus r, can be measured from the fringe profile, and compared to that predicted by the JKR theory of contact mechanics, (b) The FECO when the surfaces are separated. By measuring the wavelengths of the fringes when the surfaces are in contact and when they are separated, we can determine the distance between the two surfaces. 

This chapter will concentrate on the very high quality detectors that are needed in scientific imagers and spectrographs, and other applications that require high sensitivity, such as acquisition and guiding, adaptive optics and interferometry. We limit our discussion to focal plane arrays - large two-dimensional arrays of pixels - as opposed to single pixel detectors (e.g., avalanche photodiodes). 

Grosso, D. Babonneau, F. Albouy, P. A. Amenitsch, H. Balkenende, A. R. Brunet-Bruneau, A. Rivory, J. 2002. An in situ study of mesostructured CTAB-silica film formation during dip coating using time-resolved SAXS and interferometry measurements. Chem. Mater. 14 931-939. 

Fig. 11.1 Optical setup of the BioCD system with 2 channel detection for fluorescence and interferometry. The focused laser spot is approximately 30 pm in diameter with 15 pm pitch between tracks. The protein spots are approximately 150 pm in diameter...

Table III. Laser Experiments Raman, Light Scattering and Interferometry...

The Lehnert equations are a great improvement over the Maxwell-Heaviside equations [45,49] but are unable to describe phenomena such as the Sagnac effect and interferometry [42], for which an 0(3) internal gauge space symmetry is needed. 

Physical optics, and interferometry in general, are described by the phase equation of 0(3) electrodynamics, Eq. (524). The round trip or closed loop in Minkowski spacetime is illustrated as follows ... 

Conventional interferometry and interferometry using oblique illumination and observation [41,42]... 

In the experiments, we controlled the density profiles by introducing prepulses in advance of the interacting pulse. Shadowgraphy and interferometry techniques were applied to measure the plasma density profile. 

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