And gas warfare

Sources M. Sartori, The War Gases Chemistry and Analysis (1939) Dept, of the Army Technical Manual TM3-215 and Department of The Air Force Manual AFM 255-7, Military Chemistry and Chemical Agents (1956) SIPRI, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare, vol. 1, pp. 86-7, vol. 2, p. 45 Departments of the Army and the Air Force TM3-200, Guide to Chemical and Gas Warfare (1958) Report of the Enquiry into the Medical and Toxicological Aspects ofCS (Orthochlorobenzylidene Malononitrile) Cmnd 4775 (1970-1), xxi, p. 5. 

Guide to Chemical and Gas Warfare. TM3-200. Departments of the Army and Air Force, 1958. 

Shadle s office maintained its staff and its AFHQ-theater position, but the functions of control of COM2 personnel and units, COM2 training and gas warfare defense, and all allocation and issue of supply passed to the SOS Chemical Section. Colonel Maling moved from Twelfth Air Force to assume Rockwood s position as chief of this section which was augmented by the addition of one colonel, three majors, and a captain. ... 

By the end of February 1944 Marriott was thoroughly disgusted with the detailed supply operation which had been the lot of the Sixth Army Chemical Section. He wrote to Copthorne that he had come to the conclusion that "we were sweeping water up hill. Considering the small quantity of chemical supply, he believed that Ordnance would feel no additional strain on handling chemical ammunition, and he felt that Ordnance would not need a separate system as did the CWS. He wanted more time to devote to tactical policy and gas warfare protection and he felt he could get the time only by disposing of a part of his supply burden. ... 

Cook, Tim. No Place to Run The Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in the First World War. Vancouver UBC Press, 1999. 

Waitt, Alden H. Gas Warfare The Chemical Weapon, Its Use, and Protection Against It. Rev Edn. New York Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1944. 

American military men were skeptical about the value of chemical warfare in 1917. Their attitudes toward the intrusion of chemists and gas into warfare have been examined elsewhere (11). Other reasons for this lack of preparation are that improved gas masks had reduced the effectiveness of poison gas as a weapon, and at the same time extensive cloud gas attacks like the first attack at Ypres had become increasingly difficult to carry out. 

Since its establishment in 1910 as a bureau of the Department of the Interior, the Bureau of Mines had maintained on its staff a number of scientists and engineers who studied the toxic and asphyxiating gases often found in mines. Considering this expertise to be of value in the area of gas warfare, the director of the Bureau of Mines, Van H. Manning, offered the services of his bureau to the military committee of the NRC on February 8, 1917... 

By April 1915, Germany introduced gas warfare. In 1917, the Secretary of the Interior charged the Bureau of Mines with working on gas problems, and the Bureau engaged the Chemistry Committee of the National Research Council (NRC) to help initiate the work. The NRC Committee along with others in academe and the chemical industry constituted what ultimately became the Chemical Warfare Service of the U.S. Army. The gases and protective equipment were produced at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland and New York City, respectively (Skolnik Reese, 1976). 

Uses. In the synthesis of antiknock compounds for gasoline in the production of fumigants, fire retardants, sanitation preparations, and chemical warfare gas... 

German Trilons. Extremely toxic Chemical Warfare Agents developed before WWII but never employed. They included Sarin, Soman, Tabun and probably others. See PATR 2510(1958), p Ger 204-L and GA and GB in Vol 2 of Encycl, p C167-R... 

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