And evolutionary

Spendley W, Next G R and Himsworth F R 1962 Sequential application of simplex designs in optimization and evolutionary operation Technometrics 4 441... 

Eigen M and Rigler R 1994 Sorting single molecules application to diagnostics and evolutionary biotechnology Proc. Natl Acad. Sc/. USA 91 5740-7... 

Jones G 1998. Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithms. In Schleyer, P v R, N L Allinger, T Clark, J Ga Steiger, P A Kollman, H F Schaefer III and P R Schreiner (Editors) The Encyclopedia oj Computational Chemistry. Chichester, John Wiley Sons. 

Synthesis methods can be classified in many different ways. The categories chosen herein are combinatorial, heuristic, inventive, and evolutionary. 

Development of useful shortcut methods by intuitive and evolutionary mental analysis alone must surely be extremely fulfilling. We will see later how other devel-opmentally oriented individuals are able to build upon the original shortcut method ideas to create variations on the theme for specific applications. 

This system for keeping track of these important units is used as the basis for the standard geologic lime and the evolution of the animal life on earth. (See also Tables 2-26 and 2-27.) Table 2-28 gives the relationship between geologic time and important physical and evolutionary events that are used to aid in the identification of rock units in relative geologic time [26]. 

The spectrum of triangular clearings is therefore independent both of the particular initial configuration and evolutionary rule. 

Weitzman, S. H. (1974). Osteology and evolutionary relationships of the Sternoptychidae, with a new classification of stomiatoid fishes. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 153 329-478. 

Wood, K. V. (1995). The chemical mechanism and evolutionary development of beetle bioluminescence. Photochem. Photobiol. 62 662-673. 

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid polypqrtide with tyrosine residues at both ends of the molecule. It is characterised structurally by a PP-fold consisting of an extended polyproline helix and an a-helix connected by a (3-tum [1]. Based on structural and evolutionary criteria, NPY is closely related to peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). 

NF-kB is a dimeric, ubiquitously expressed, and evolutionary conserved transcription factor that plays a critical role in immune and inflammatory responses [1]. In mammals, the NF-kB family consists of five members NF-kB 1 (pl05/p50), NF-kB2 (pl00/p52), RelA (p65), cRel, and RelB. Structurally, NF-kB proteins share a highly conserved 300 amino acid... 

The Earth is a highly unusual planet because life did evolve on it and it thrived to the extent that the surface and atmosphere of the planet were greatly modified. The Earth is unique in this respect relative to all known astronomical bodies (Taylor, 1999). The Earth s location, composition, and evolutionary history are all significant factors in the planet s success in nurturing life. Critical factors include its temperature, its atmosphere, its oceans, its long-term stability and its "just right" abundance of water and other light element compounds. 

Smith El, Palese P (1989) Variation in the influenza virus genes epidemiological, pathogenic and evolutionary consequences. In Krug RM (ed) The influenza viruses. Plenum, NY, pp 319-350... 

There can be little doubt that certain stresses have characteristic demographic consequences both for populations and for plant parts and it is also evident that, according to taxonomic and evolutionary history, species and genotypes may differ in their responses to the same stress. Thus, demographic study is often a useful preliminary to analysis of the causation and evolutionary origins of particular stress responses. However, some demographers go further and advocate long-term field observation as the only reliable way forward ... 

Grime, J.P. (1977). Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. American Naturalist, 111, 1169-94. 

Synthetic self-assembled architecture and evolutionary implications... 

The genus Fuchsia consists of perhaps 100 species, enjoys a wide distribntion, and offers a variety of systematic and evolutionary challenges. In addition to attracting purely botanical interest. Fuchsia is also of considerable horticnltnral value. Our interest in the genns concerns sect. Skinnera which consists of three New Zealand species, F. excorticata L. f., F. perscandens Cockayne Allan, and F. procumbens R. Cnnn., and the Tahitian endemic F. cyrtandroides Moore. A fourth taxon, F. x colensoi Hook. f. occurs wherever the ranges of F. excorticata and F. perscandens overlap. 

In order to gain a better understanding of the relationships and evolutionary history of Dactylis, Lumaret and colleagues have undertaken extensive studies of various biochemical markers. The first of these that can be examined is the flavonoid analysis of the Atlantic part of the subtropical group (Jay and Lumaret, 1995). In all. 

Haller, J. R. 1966. Systematic and evolutionary relationships of Pinus torreyana. Amer. 1. Bot. 53 635 (abstract). 

Stebbins, G. L. and Zohary, D. 1959. Cytogenetics and evolutionary studies in the genus Dactylis 1. Morphology, distribution and interrelationships of the diploid subspecies. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 31 1-40. 

Nojiri H, H Sekiguchi, K Maeda, M Urata, S-I Nakai, T Yoshida, H Habe, T Omori (2001) Genetic characterization and evolutionary implications of a car gene cluster in the carbazole degrader Pseudomonas sp. strain CAIO. J Bacterial 183 3663-3679. 

Weber, L. (2002) Multi-Component Reactions and Evolutionary Chemistry. Drug Discovery Today, 7, 143-147. 

The REE study indicates that the concentrations of REE, particularly Eu and Ce in altered rocks and ore minerals are useful indicators of oxidation state, intensity of discharging hydrothermal solution and evolutionary stage of submarine hydrothermal activity. 

Basically, we make a distinction between methods which are carried out in the space defined by the original variables (Section 34.4) or in the space defined by the principal components. A second distinction we can make is between full-rank methods (Section 34.2), which consider the whole matrix X, and evolutionary methods (Section 34.3) which analyse successive sub-matrices of X, taking into account the fact that the rows of X follow a certain order. A third distinction we make is between general methods of factor analysis which are applicable to any data matrix X, and specific methods which make use of specific properties of the pure factors. 

In pharmaceutical analysis the detection of impurities under a chromatographic peak is a major issue. An important step forward in the assessment of peak purity was the introduction of hyphenated techniques. When selecting a method to perform a purity check, one has the choice between a global method which considers a whole peak cluster (from the start to the end of the peak), and evolutionary methods, which consider a window of the peak cluster, which is... 

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