Analog integrator

S0 is the area of the unit cell). An analogous integral arose in Ref. 61 for the correlator component transverse to an external electric field E ... 

S.A. Bota, A. Dieguez, J.L. Merino, R. Casanova, J. Samitier, and C. Cane. A Monolithic Interface Circuit for Gas Sensor Arrays Control and Measurement , Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 40 (2004), 175-184. 

D. Gibson, H. Carter, and C. Pm-dy. The Use of Hardware Description Languages in the Development of Microelectromechanical Systems , Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 28 (2001), 173-180. 

Note however, that the amplifier gain must be dynamically changed depending on signal amplitude, which leads to discontinuities. Kriz also points out the slew rate problems in the track and hold. His solution was to use a DC feedback loop with an analog integrator. 

A more general discussion of the significance of j and the analogous integrated function j (/g cm 2), defined in terms of the mass change and charge, is presented elsewhere (32)(33). Here we make two observations on the nature of 5>- before exploiting it to interpret kinetic data. 

See, however. Reference 57 for the utiUzation of the Bom-Oppen-heimer approximation in complex molecules by means of the solution of an analogous integral equation. 

Analogous integration of equations (14.3) to (14.5), recalling that dT and dP are zero, gives... 

Bota, S. A., Dieguez, A., Merino, J. L., Casanova, R., Samitier, J. and Cane, C. (2004) A monolithic interface circuit for gas sensor arrays Control and measurement. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 40,175-184. 

Similarly, in a real gas mixture analogous integration of corresponding (4.267) gives for constituent a... 

P. R. Gray, P. J. Hurst, S. H. Lewis etal.. Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, John Wiley Sons, New York, 2001. 

Turowski M, Chen ZJ, Przekwas A (2001) Automated generation of compact models for fluidic microsystems. Analog Integr Circ Signal Process 29(l-2) 27-36... 

For illustration, consider the circuit schematic of a simple functional model of an analog integrator depicted in Fig. 4.26. In reality, an integrated operational amplifier is built by means of a number of transistors. The macro-model in Fig. 4.26 reproduces the input-output behaviour of an operational amplifier. It is sufficiently accurate for low frequencies. Its parameters that can be tuned are the gain. A, the input resistance Ri, and the output resistance Ro- The measurement at internal nodes of a real integrated circuit requires special equipment such as a probe station. The output voltage Vo of a bonded and packaged operational amplifier chip can be measured at one of its pins and may be used for the detection of possible failures in the circuit [36]. 

Franco, S. 1988. Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

Soclof, S. 1991. Design and Applications of Analog Integrated Circuits. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 

Grebene, A.B. 1984. Bipolar and MOS Analog Integrated Circuit Design. WUey, New York. 

Laker, K.R. and Sansen, W. 1994. Design of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems. McGraw-HiU, New York. 

Mitra, S. 1980. An Introduction to Digital and Analog Integrated Circuits and Applications. Harper Row, New York. 

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