Amyris

Essential oils are isolated from various plant parts, such as leaves (patchouH), fmit (mandarin), bark (cinnamon), root (ginger), grass (citroneUa), wood (amyris), heartwood (cedar), gum (myrrh oil), balsam (tolu balsam oil), berries (pimento), seeds (diU), flowers (rose), twigs and leaves (thuja oil), and buds (cloves). 

Amyris Oil. Obtained by steam distillation of the wood of y m hakamijera L., the so-called West Indian sandalwood which is indigenous to northern South America, Central America, and the West Indies, amyris oil [8015-65-4] is a pale yellow to brownish yellow viscous oil with a slightly oily-sweet and occasionally peppery balsamic woody note. It finds use as a blender and fixative for soap fragrances. The volatile constituents, which are primarily hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, are shown in Table 22 and Figure 5 (63). 

The alcohols of the so-called West Indian sandalwood oil, which is distilled from a species of Amyris, are known under the name of amyrol. It is, in all probability a mixture of two alcohols of the formulae CjjHjjO Its characters are as follows —... 

In the Asia-Pacific region, AItingia excelsa Noronha (Liquidambar altingiana Bl.), Alan-gia gracilipes Hemsl. (Amyris ambrosiaca L.f.), Liquidambar orientalis Mill, and Liquidambar formosana Hance are of medicinal value. The purified basalm obtained from the trunk of Liquidambar orientalis Mill, or prepared storax (British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1969) has been used similarly as Peru basalm in the form of an ointment to treat scabies and other skin diseases, and as an ingredient of Compound Benzoin Tincture. 

Amyris oil is obtained by steam distillation of the wood from the tree Amyris balsamifera L. (Rutaceae), which grows in the Caribbean area and around the Gulf of Mexico. It is a pale yellow to amber, slightly viscous liquid with a mild wood odor. 

The oil is sometimes incorrectly called West Indian sandalwood oil. However, its composition and odor are different from those of the oils obtained from sandalwood species. The major components of amyris oil are sesquiterpenoids such as elemol [639-99-6], /3-eudesmol [473-15-4], and epi-7-eudesmol [15051-81-7] [241-244]. 

Amyris oil is used in perfume compositions, mainly as a fixative [8015-65-4], [90320-49-3]. 

Amyris Amyris balsamifera L. Cadinol (50), valerianol (22), ca-dinene (11), 7-epi-y-eudesmol (11), 10-epi-y-eudesmol (10)... 

The compounds and their sources are listed in chronological order of isolation in Table I. The majority of the Rutaceae oxazoles have been isolated from the Old World genera Halfordia, Aegle, Aeglopsis, and Micromelum Amyris is the... 

Although the biosynthesis of 2-pyridyl-5-phenyloxazoles has not been studied, the likely veracity of this sequence has been borne out by the biosynthetic study of annuloline (1) (5) and the cooccurrence in the rutaceous genera Aegle and Amyris of oxazoles and open chain (3-phenylethylamides (11-13, 16, 18). In the biosynthesis of annuloline (1), the low incorporation of O-methylated precursors was a notable point (5) lending support to the possible intermediacy of quinone-methene type compounds such as 31 and 32 and the operation of either a cycliza-tion-alkylation (e.g., 32 to 33) process or a dehydrogenation-alkylation (e.g., 31 to 34) process. 

Balsoxin (25), isolated from Amyris balsamifera (16) cooccurs with the closely related amide balsamide (40), M-2-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylbenza-mide. Balsamide (40), on oxidation followed by treatment with phosphorus oxychloride yielded balsoxin (25) (16). 

In addition to the oxazoles O-isopentenylhalfordinol (19) (72), 0-geranylhal-fordinol (21) (75), and 2-pyridyl-5-(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy)phenyl ox-azole (24) (13), Amyris plumieri produces a number of novel chromenylated tyramides 41-43 and the (3-styrylamide 44 (12-14, 18). The only other iso-lable metabolites from this plant were nicotinamide (45) and 4-(3,3-dimethyl) allyloxybenzoic acid (46) (12, 18). These two latter compounds are thought to... 

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