Amyloid pathologies

Neurodegeneration is an important but not a unique characteristic feature of AD. What distinguishes AD from other neurodegenerative diseases is the presence of its telltale pathologies in the brains of these patients amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid plaques consist of mainly extracellular /f-amyloid (A/i) peptide while neurofibrillary tangles are 

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Refolo LM, Malester B, LaFrancois J, et al. Hypercholesterolemia accelerates the Alzheimer s amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2000 7(4) 321—331. 

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Liu L, Orozco IJ, Planel E, Wen Y, Bretteville A, Krishnamurthy P, Wang L, Herman M, Figueroa H, Yu WH, Arancio O, Duff K (2008a) A transgenic rat that develops Alzheimer s diseaselike amyloid pathology, deficits in synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Dis... 

Fig. 12 Model of a disconnected neuron. Shown are the events known to occur in different compartments of the neuron due to amyloid pathology. Note that both the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are dysfunctional in AD...

Bell KF, Ducatenzeiler A, Ribeiro-da-Silva A, Duff K, Bennett DA, Cuello AC (2006) The amyloid pathology progresses in a neurotransmitter-speciflc manner. Neurobiol Aging 27(11) ... 

Because of the potential role of Zn and Cu in the deposition of Afl in AD brain, there has been considerable interest in the use of metal chelation to decrease amyloid pathology (Bush, 2003). In vitro studies show clioquinol (CQ), an 8-OH quinoline... 

Methylene blue (MB), a member of the phenothiazinium family, has been used to treat a variety of human conditions and has beneficial effects on the CNS of rodents. Paban et al. [534] studied whether chronic MB treatment taken after (therapeutic effect) or before (preventive effect) the onset of p-amyloid pathology influences cognition in a transgenic mouse model (APP/PS1) and found that oral or intraperitoneal MB injection protected mice... 

Rolyan H, Scheffold A, Heinrich A, Begus-Nahrmann Y, Langkopf BH, Holter SM et al (2011) Telomere shortening reduces Alzheimer s disease amyloid pathology in mice. Brain 134 2044-2056... 

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