AMPLE history

ATLS and ATCN follow the same primary and secondary surveys. During the primary survey, identification and management of life-threatening injuries occur simultaneously. See Table 13.3 for a description of the primary survey per ATLS protocol. Within the secondary survey, a complete history of the event and past medical history is obtained. To aid and expedite this process, an AMPLE history can be completed. This includes Allergies, Medications, Past illnesses and Pregnancy, Last meal, and Events leading to the injury. A physical examination follows this is more detailed than the initial exam in the primary survey. Table 13.4 outlines assessment considerations during the secondary survey... 

William Henry Perkin, an 18-year-old working in the back room and outdoor shed of his London home, had discovered in black coal tar a beautiful purple dye that would change the world. For the first time in history, color could be democratized. William Henry Perkin and his purple, later known as mauve, rescued the poor and middle classes from their age-old austerity of hues. Natural dyes were expensive and, before Perkin s synthetic mauve, millions of poor people lived their lives in untreated drab and dingy fibers. Even for the middle class, pieces of brilliantly dyed cloth were treasures to be reused from garment to garment and from year to year. It was the schoolboy William Henry Perkin and his successors who would give the world the ample abundance of tints that only the rich had previously enjoyed. 

Historical introductions to chemistry courses and citations in journal articles provided ample opportunity for scientists to trace family lines to suit the discipline-building task at hand and to set up a record for later historians. Ostwald made sure to settle his name into a progeny of physical chemists in his history of electrochemistry. Later, Ingold minimized the historical role of contemporary rivals by spare citations to work well known at the time. 

Electrode Pretreatment. There is ample evidence that the rate of electron transfer at a solid electrode is sensitive to the surface state and previous history of the electrode. An electrode surface that is not clean usually will manifest itself in a voltage-sweep experiment to give a decrease in the peak current and a shift in the peak potential. Various pretreatment methods have been employed to clean or activate the surface of electrodes the process is intended to produce an enhancement of the reversibility of the reaction (i.e., produce a greater rate of electron transfer).97 This activation or cleaning process may function in two ways by removing adsorbed materials that inhibit electron transfer and by altering the microstructure of the electrode surface. 

To provide raw material for this comparative study of untreated and heat-treated oils, asphaltenes from Cold Lake crude (crude asphaltenes) and from Cold Lake vacuum residuum (residuum asphaltenes) were prepared by n-heptane precipitation as described in the Experimental section. The Cold Lake residuum fraction was prepared by Imperial Oil Enterprises, Ltd. at Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. The distillation history of this bottoms fraction indicates that the pot material was subjected to temperatures as high as 314-318°C during atmospheric and vacuum distillation. The length of time at 300°C or higher was about two hours. This is well in excess of what would be experienced in a pipestill and should have provided ample time for any decomposition. It should be noted, however, that since it was possible to maintain the system vacuum at 0.35 mm, the maximum temperature experienced by the residuum was not quite as high as it might be during refinery distillation (e.g. ca 350°C). 

At the present time, rotenone (35) and related compounds could have more ample applications. Several rotenoids from P. erosus have shown antitumoral activity [67]. A number of pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies need to be conducted with P. erosus rotenoids, including systematic testing in scabies and other skin disorders caused by mites. This could open a new chapter in the history of this plant, developing its potential as a new phytopharmaceutical. 

History not only provides ample demonstrations of the associated and specific levels of risk, but it also provides a perspective on attempts to mitigate them. The highest level of risk associated with sports is death followed by catastrophic, life-altering... 

These few examples are ample evidence that nature benefitted from the advantages of long chain molecules for variety of central applications long before man discovered the use of polymer materials for similar purposes for the longest time in our history we were unable to produce tailor-made macromolecules for... 

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