Ammonium picrate propellants

The new propellant was promising but the nitrocellulose smokeless powder invented soon afterwards superseded all mixtures containing potassium nitrate and similar salts, that give a number of solid particles when exploded. For a time in the United States various mixtures were still used instead of blackpowder—chiefly for sporting purposes. E.g. Gold Dust Powder (Starke [36]) consisted of 55% ammonium picrate, 25% potassium picrate and 20% ammonium bichromate. Soon, however, early in the nineteenth century, the use of these mixtures was discontinued. 

In World War II a variety of picrate powder consisting of ammonium picrate, potassium or sodium nitrate and a binding agent was introduced in Great Britain and in the U.S.A. as the propellant charge for small rockets. This was reported more fully in a chapter devoted to mixtures for rocket propulsion (p. 365). 

Designolle and Brugere suggested that picrate salts could be used as a propellant, while in 1871, Abel proposed the use of ammonium picrate as an explosive. In 1873, Sprengel showed that picric acid could be detonated to an explosion and Turpin, utilizing these results, replaced blackpowder with picric acid for the filling of munition shells. In Russia, Panpushko prepared picric acid in 1894 and soon realized its potential as an explosive. Eventually, picric acid (1,2) was accepted all over the world as the basic explosive for military uses. 

Bo Molded Composite Propellants are mixts of finely divided, crystalline, self-combustible solids such as ammonium picrate sodium nitrate, held together by a resinous binder and formed into grains by compression mold-... 

Chap XII, Pt 2 (NC tests and smokeless propellants tests) Chap XII, Pt 3 (Additional tests to be applied to any propellant)l Chap XIII (Amatol) Chap XIV, Pt I (Picric Acid) Chap XIV, Pt 2 (Ammonium Picrate) Chap XV (Nitrostarch Explosives) Chap XVI, Pt 1 Pt 2 (Tetryl) Chap XVII (Black Powder) Chap XVIII (Primers and detonators)... 

Ammonium picrate forms bright yellow scales, or orthorhombic crystals, which are insoluble in water. The crystals explode easily from heat, shock, friction, fire, and percussion. Ammonium picrate is commonly used in priming compositions for bullets and the like, initiation compositions for blasting caps and detonators, high performance rocket propellants, and fireworks and other pyrotechnic compositions. Ammonium picrate should be stored submerged in kerosene. ... 

Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant Ammonium picrate (picrate of ammonia. Explosive D) Ammonium salt lattice with isomorphously substituted inorganic salts... 

C.A.Thomas, USP 2742672 (1956) CA 50, 11018-20 (1956) (Comp proplnt prepd by coating each grain of finely divided Amm picrate-Na nitrate with liq thermosetting resin, pressure molding curing) 5)G.S.Sutherland "The Mechanism of Combustion of an Ammonium Perchlorate Polyester Resin Composite Propellant , Princeton Univ, New Jersey (1956), 233 6)A.J.Zaehringer, "Solid Propellant... 

B)Propellants a)A variety of Fr sporting proplnt, Poudre (listed under Ammonium Dichromate) contd 3% of K dichromate(Ref 4,pp 86-7) b) Fr sporting proplnt Poudre Okell(Kei l,p 590) c)Older Amer proplnt patented in 1894 by the US Smokeless Powder Co Amm picrate 55, K or Na picrate 25 K dichromate 20%(Ref l,p 780) d)Some bulk powders listed in Ref 9,p 289 OPyrotechnic Composf/ions a)K dichromate 12, K chlorate 15, Zn dust 72, granulated charcoal 12 dextrin 2 parts(Ref 9,p 88) b)Italian illuminating mixt K dichromate 10,... 

Ammonium carbazoate Ammonium pioronitrate EINECS 205-038-3 Explosive D HSDB 2070 Obeline picrate Phenol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, ammonium salt Picratol Picric acid, ammonium salt RCRA waste no. P009 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol ammonium salt UN0004 UN1310, Used in expisoives, fireworks and rocket propellants. Crystals d =... 

The thermal properties of explosives and propellanl compositions are widely studied by DTA and DSC. Fauth (47) recorded the DTA curves of some hydrazine, guanidine and guanidinium picrates, slyphnates, and sulfates. The decomposition temperatures found were generally considerably lower than those reported in the literature. Other picrates, those with thallium, ammonium, tetramethylammonium, and letraethylammonium, were studied by Stammler (27). David (28) and Bohon (29) examined the thermal behavior of explosives and propellants under various external pressures up... 

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